【 Weak current College 】 heat pump of present and future

1. heat pump development in recent years, China's heat pump developed rapidly, mainly in the following.
(1) according to statistics, 1996, China's air conditioning equipment (electric chiller, absorption chiller, room air conditioner and unit air conditioning unit, but does not include import unit) of total refrigeration capacity of about 20 million kW, which heat pump unit refrigeration capacity of approximately 60% in all of the heat pump units, electric-driven heat pump capacity is approximately 90% 1070kW,; absorption heat pump capacity of approximately 130 million kW, 10%.

(2) in the last few years, China's absorption refrigeration unit developed rapidly. According to statistics, 1996, the sales of LIBR absorption chiller about 3000 more direct burning machine, 1115.

(3) heat pumps in industry has been portrayed, wood, food (tea and fruit), ceramics, paper, printing, petroleum and chemical industry production process has used the steam jet heat pumps, absorption heat pump and electrically driven heat pumps. For example, at present, approximately 400 sets of heat pump type wood drying machine is running, the annual processing capacity of about 200 thousand cubic meters.

2. background to the development of heat pump

2.1 energy policy

China's primary energy, keeping the total (not including biomass energy and new energy sources) to 14 million tonnes, of which 14.6 billion tons of raw coal, crude oil, natural gas 1.7 million tons of 300 billion cubic meters, 2400 billion kWh electricity, nuclear power 250kWh, imported oil 4 ~ 6 million tons of thermal power installed capacity 2.9 ~ 3 billion kW (average annual increase of installed power 1500kW). According to a 1997 statistics, China's power plant efficiency 32.95%, power plant and heating efficiency 83.68%, total energy conversion efficiency of 38.07%. the use of cogenerated system or total energy system (TES-TotalEnergySystem), gas-fired heat pumps (GEHP), then take the first law of thermodynamics analysis of thermal efficiency and the second law of thermodynamics analysis utility rate: since the use of waste heat from the description, the comprehensive utilization of GEHP can reach 80% to 85%; if by axis power drive heat pump, use a low heat energy, integrated thermal efficiency can reach up to 150% ~ 170% for TES, realization of cogenerated, its comprehensive utilization up to 65% to 80% of the energy conservation law People's Republic of China article 39 would trigeneration technology included in the State encourages the development of generic technologies, promoting the development of the cause of the heat pump.

2.2 environment protection policy

A thermally driven heat pumps, CO2 emissions are significantly lower. By improving the heat pump performance, reducing refrigerant leakage and the use of new refrigerants, heat pump will play in environmental protection.

2.3 building energy-saving method

Implementation of the civil construction energy conservation design standards, improve building insulation performance, lower energy consumption for heating buildings, the result is significantly reduces the heat pump for heating, operating costs, increased the heat pump and heating heating means competitiveness.

2.4 urban energy changes in the structure of

Large and medium cities population concentration, energy consumption, pollution, the most prominent, it is therefore necessary to implement a national energy policy, improve energy structure, to promote the use of clean high-quality energy use, restrictions on coal, which is the application of heat pump.

2.5 energy price adjustments

3. heat pump technology development prospects

3.1 status of heat pump technology

All types of heat pumps have the evaporation and condensing temperature level two, throttling uses the expansion valve or capillary. Only pressure increases have different forms, mainly in the mechanical compression-type thermal compression type, Jet vapor compression type.

China heat pump development there are three trends:

Air-cooled heat pump hot water unit, in 1996 than in 1995, the growth of nearly double what it was.

LIBR chiller development faster, lithium bromide absorption unit of 56%.

The largest proportion of room air conditioner. Heat pump-type window type, split and 10kW cooling capacity following conditioner total cooling capacity of 45%, but technically the following several aspects:

Air-cooled heat pump units exist in shape larger, higher noise, defrosting technology is not yet perfect. Main application areas of air-cooled heat pump is the Yangtze River Valley, the summer is sultry, the winter wet and cold, in January the average temperature of 0 ° c to 10 ° c, relative humidity greater than 75%. Accordingly, the requirements for the heat pump must adapt to low temperature below 0 ° c and high humidity climatic environment.

LIBR absorption chiller efficiency is low.

Room air conditioner there is noise pollution, heat pollution (large motor power conversion of heat into the residential) and refrigerant contamination, in particular (split-type air conditioner installation and use of leakage). Installed in 1996, approximately 300 million separate machines and 40 million units of air conditioners, for each installation of emissions calculation, the leakage 50g total $ 170t/year.

3.2 heat pump technology development prospects

The general trend of technological development is to develop efficient heating, heat pump and heat pump system, root.

3.2.1 mechanical compression heat pumps of development

(1) refrigerant side of the heat pump control.

(2) compressor energy control.

(3) compressor design

(4) a new refrigerant technology

3.2.2 absorption heat pump and absorption heat converter

3.2.3 compression-absorption heat pumpBR>
3.2.4 high temperatureheat pump

4. heat pump market development prospects

4.1 heat pump market development of favorable factors

4.1.1 Chinese energy policy and the environment protection policy is to promote the rapid development of heat pump technology.

4.1.2 since 1978, the Chinese Government promulgated the reform and opening up, energy policy, the Yangtze River Valley economy is the rapid development, living standards and access to a substantial increase. The climate in this region is characterized by hot summers, not too cold in winter (average outdoor temperature range 0 ° c to 10 ° c, the average outdoor temperature is lower than or equal to 5 ° c to 0 to 90 days. The average temperature in July outdoor range 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, the average annual temperature is higher than the number of days as 25¡æ 40 ~ 110 days). According to the above reasons, to a large number of import of foreign products, heat pumps and air conditioning system in China is growing rapidly, currently 60% of total household air conditioners for heat pump even more cold Beijing area, there are many users also prefer centralized heating period before and after the application of heat pump air conditioning unit to supply hot water for heating in winter, in summer the electric supply of cold water wind turbine in the centralized air-conditioning system has been widely used, the application of the future will be more popular.

4.1.3 the enormous Chinese building markets, 1995-2000, an estimated annual National City new residential construction area of about 2.4 million square meters, including Shanghai every year new about 15 million ㎡, Beijing, about 10 million square meters, about 600 million square meters of Tianjin, Dalian, about 260 million ㎡ .2000 ~ 2010, every year new residential construction area of about 3.4 million square meters.

4.1.4 our industrial heat-recovery of resources is very rich, utilization of potential distribution is also very broad, such as chemical industrial 8.8% 30.9% Petro-chemical industry, textile industry 4.0%. petrochemical plants, paper mills, pharmaceutical, metallurgical plants, food processing and agricultural sector on the application of heat pump for the development of research, such as wood employs electrically driven high-efficiency heat pump dryer for the purpose of the factory energy; such as petrochemical plant widely adopted a steam jet heat pump recovery of waste heat in the production process for the production and life, significant economic benefits for future heat pump market.

4.2 heat pump market development prospects

4.2.1 the application of heat pump industry Outlook

The heat pump is suitable for the transitional areas and parts of central heating zone, the zone including Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, and in some areas, it is predicted that the region 2000 urban housing construction area 38.5 million square meters, of which, in residential 20.7 million square meters (approximately 53.8%). Public and commercial buildings 6.5 million ㎡ (16.9%), from Chinese economic development, the region-2000 air penetration rate of approximately 10%. It is predicted that in 2000 the room air conditioner demand of about 1000 million units, including the cooling capacity in 10kW following conditioner, air conditioning with total refrigeration capacity of approximately 35 million kW.

It is predicted that in 1995 during absorption chillers are expected to 8% to 10%, that is, the market demand will in each year 200 ~ 250 million units of speed increase, and 2000, the national demand for about $ 4000.

4.2.2 the application of heat pumps in industry Outlook

Industry applications of heat pumps is a great potential, it is predicted, and 2000 industry heat pump quantity: approximately 300 chemical industry; the food industry about 150; pulp and paper about 130; agriculture, about 5-10; metallurgical industry of about 150; about400 wood drying and the pharmaceutical industry about 100 computers.