Weak current College】 【solar is the most economical cleanest most environmentally friendly sustainable energy.

<br> First, global energy shortage, the sustainable development of humankind is facing crisis <br> <br> In the process of human civilization in the 21st century, ensuring energy supply is a human and social development in a very important issue. Currently ., people enjoy the planes, trains, ships and various high-tech product tremendous convenience, however, with the coal, oil and gas, and other traditional fossil energy consumption of a large number of people also had a profound sense of crisis, according to .Governments and experts recognized statistics current global oil known exploitable reserves of about 40 years, natural gas known exploitable approximately 50 years, the mining of raw coal known to about 200 years, while China's recoverable reserves of fossil energy only: coal, crude oil only in .114.5 20.1 years, natural gas only 49.3 years. Even though optimistic that there many proven reserves, but currently foreseeable conditions of mining technology and, on the part of the resources of development costs will also be promoted to may not have the degree of development and .value. <br> <br> The Earth more than 50 billion years worth of energy, in tens of hundreds of years is running out of human civilization, the energy crisis are gradually spread to any corner of the world, become the economic and social .development of a bottleneck, not only the development of the global economic fetters, also became a global political and military conflicts. So, whether domestic or international, the global energy crisis is very prominent. At the same time, the burning of coal, petroleum ., natural gas and other fossil energy release of large amounts of carbon dioxide that cause environmental pollution and cause the greenhouse effect, may be in these energy-consumption light before the Earth environmental damage to the extent of human uninhabitable, the current global carbon dioxide emissions .by more than 300 million tons, if uncontrolled, this figure will reach 400 million by 2030, China will tonnes in occupies 1 / 4 scale. Therefore, to develop renewable energy, has become the sustainable human development and problems of continuity of life. Currently ., the available human utilization of renewable energy are of biomass, hydro power, wind power and solar power. <br> <br> Second, several major energy analysis <br> <br> 1, bio-energy <br> <br> .Biomass energy conversion routes is the accumulation of plant photosynthesis, and solar radiation into mechanical energy or electricity, at the same time, the current biomass another comparison accepted use is converted to ethanol (alcohol), etc. Data shows that each production a tons of .alcohol consumed 3 - 3.5 tons of corn, and the present plant photosynthesis solar energy utilization averaged only 0.2% growth on average during the high-yielding crops and only 1-2%, the artificial selection of maize General 1.2%, peak point conversion rate .but 3-5%, taking its place 3-5% of the light energy is converted to bio-energy to calculate, it can be deposited in the fruit of energy but also 1-1.5%, to further converted into alcohol, only one .third of the efficiency of the solar conversion efficiency 0.3-0.5% turned into ethanol, if converted into mechanical energy or power car, its efficiency would be lower, only 0.1-0.3%. <br> <br> Now there are quite a number .of people at home and abroad to promote biomass energy, but since the land is limited, in particular, account must be taken not to argue with people, not diets and food issues such as struggle, biomass energy is very limited. At present, China's .corn yield 5 tons per hectare - 10 tons in 2007, China's consumption 3.4 million tons of crude oil, suppose one of less than 1 / 3 or 1 million tons of corn production of bioethanol as an alternative to, you need to consume 3.5 billion tons .of bio-energy, that is at least 70 million hectares of land for the production of the biomass, which is equivalent to the occupied country's arable 1.3 million hectares of 50%. In addition, extensive use of biomass for energy will further break ecosystem " .production-consumption - decomposition - reproduction "of the natural ecology of the circulatory system, reduce the productive potential of the ecological system, increase the harm ecosystems health and sustainable development. For limited arable land, and ecological degradation and biomass stock limited China, biomass .energy development and the large scope of application is neither possible nor practical. <br> <br> 2, water and electricity <br> <br> Hydroelectric energy conversion is transmitted through the "solar radiation - water evaporation-hydro-electric energy" .in the process. Although our river hydropower resources reserves reach 6.76 million kilowatts, of which the economy can develop hydropower resources about 3.78 million kilowatts, of which nearly half of hydropower resources in the development process to drown large fertile fields, as well as migration of .large numbers of immigrants without developing value, especially large dams construction livelihood, political, economic, cultural, ecological, environmental, and many other issues that led to the development of economic and social costs substantially zeng plus. <br> <br> Although hydropower .generation process does not produce polluting waste, is ideal for clean energy, but its partial destruction of ecological environment. In the past, the dam is supposed to be solving flood or water, irrigation, transportation, power generation, water problems of the primary selection .. But today, people come to realize the reservoir of water will evaporate from the large a meter, or due to the excessive growth of algae and stagnate, the Aswan Dam in Egypt, on the completion of the 1970s, became the pride of Egypt, .however, in recent years, the Government of Egypt, it was found to have seriously undermined the Nile basin of ecological balance, triggering a series of ecological disaster, outstanding such as a large number of cross-strait soil salinization, Delta contraction, schistosomiasis prevalence ., etc. Similar serious problem also appears in Kenya's Mweya hydropower station, China Taiwan Meinung reservoir and so many places. The end of 2003, held in Thailand in the second World Congress against dams, and finally on the advantages and disadvantages presented the global dam .. Many countries have started to perform the removal of the dam, dam removal and recovery of the costs of River Ecology is much greater than the original cost, thus building a dam hydroelectric "renewable", as well as environmental impact, etc need to reassess .. <br> <br> 3, wind power <br> <br> Wind energy conversion routes mainly solar radiation heating convection of air, wind through wind turbines to power. Authority numberIt has been demonstrated that reach the Earth's solar in about 2 per .cent can be converted into wind energy, some can take wind power generator into electric energy. If the direct calculation of electrical energy from solar energy to the conversion efficiency is lower than 0.5%. According to the national land 900 more weather station analysis estimated that .China's wind energy resource endowment approx 32.26 million kilowatts, but at a height of 10 meters can exploit wind power resources only 2.53 million kilowatts, and mainly concentrated in the southeastern coastal area wind energy-rich zone, "North" (North-East, North ., Northwest) area wind energy rich belt, inland rich of local wind energy. Because of the wind itself density low, instability, regional differences are large, wide dispersion, randomness and the low density of energy, and wind conditions for the construction, exploitation .is very difficult. Wind power site on the natural environment (wind) requires a relatively high, light wind phase will last for more than 1 year. At the same time, because of the wind speed is not controllable, utilization hours low, typically less .than 2000 hours per year. <br> <br> The current average per km wind power installed capacity of 0.6 - 1 000 kW, by contrast, solar power at the current conservative technical level, the installed capacity may reach per km in 5 - .10 million kilowatts. Consider China's wind energy resource-rich areas concentrated in the southeastern coastal area, Inner Mongolia grassland areas, the development of wind power need large areas of land will be a very difficult challenges, a 100 million kilowatts of wind power plant covers .an area of 100 square kilometers, reached on electric power delivery will also be difficult. Moreover, according to the American experience to develop wind power, wind power is bound to the local regional ecological effects, block or slow the atmospheric convection to China, where .in the southeastern coastal development of large scale wind power, will give China a lot of precipitation in the southeast monsoon forming blocks, resulting in reduced, or even continent precipitation may cause inland water, vegetation and other ecological chain damage, desertification would be exacerbated. .In addition, wind power equipment using wind turbines, and other mechanical gear that large-scale application of advanced maintenance costs and high degree of difficulty. <br> <br> 4. solar power <br> <br> Solar energy conversion line is .directly to the solar radiation energy into electrical energy, all renewable energy conversion of solar energy in part at least, using the most direct. In General, throughout the energy flow of the ecological environment, with an increase in conversion links, conversion chain elongation, .energy losses will increase geometrically-level, and at the same time greatly increases the operating costs of the entire system and instability. Currently, crystal silicon solar cell conversion efficiency of practical level in 15-20%, laboratory level up to 35%. Therefore ., from this standpoint, solar power is that we now can use the energy in the most efficient one-time conversion, and use the simplest, most reliable and economical emerging energy, its one-time will convert mankind to solar energy-efficient utilization of .energy level is high, about 100 times the plant and to present technological! its use lifecycle can be stable for more than 20 years! <br> <br> Our country is vast, with very rich solar energy resources, the country has two- .thirds of the land area, each square meters of total solar radiation to 3350-8400 zhaojiao average 5860 zhaojiao (equivalent to 199kg grams), the annual solar surface absorb approx. 2.4 trillion tonnes of energy, the equivalent of China's 2007 national energy consumption total .26.5 billion tonnes of 905 times. One of Western Tibet is China's largest solar energy resources, enrichment up to 2333 kWh/m2 (daily radiation 6.4 kWh / m 2), second place in the world, second only to the African Sahara. Our existing .desertified land area of about 100 million square kilometers, and is growing year by year, mainly in the solar resource rich of the North-West and South-West region, assuming that the desertification of land of 1%, which is used to set grid .photovoltaic power generation system, at the current conservative 100Wp/m2 technology level, installed capacity to reach 10 million kilowatts, the 2007 national power total installed capacity of 7.13 million kilowatts. <br> <br> Third, solar photovoltaic power generation prospects ahead < .br> <br> In essence, the first three energy is actually a form of solar energy conversion and transformation link, their root or stem from solar radiation to produce energy. Comprehensive, in terms of resources, especially land resources, biomass energy, wind .energy is very demanding, and solar energy is very flexible and extensive. Development of these energy needs with solar power, if you want to occupy the land area of 1, the solar wind is 8-10 times, bio-energy the times 100. .And hydropower, a building of large dams often need submerged dozens to hundreds of square kilometres of vast land. In addition, solar power most of the time actually do not need to take up extra land, roofs, walls can become places of its application, .can also take advantage of our vast desert regions, to the largest desert in the Taklimakan desert, for example, through the desert on the construction of solar power base, both stable original constantly eating green sand dunes, the nature are our need of clean renewable .energy. Of course also need to take the necessary means and measures to reduce dust storm damage to the power generation facilities. <br> <br> As solar panels for cloaking, reduces the desert in each surface solar radiation, effectively reduce surface temperatures, .reduce evaporation, thus allowing the survival and growth of plants to a considerable extent possible. Desert Oasis, you can effectively and improve China's intensified desertification trends, and with the gradual extension of solar power will become fertile desert. In energy input-output ratio, .the current optoelectronic component lifetime issued power and manufacturing, production phase of the ratio of the consumption of electricity has to commonly reaches 5-10 times, in the light of good areas can reach 15-20 times. In addition, the current per-kilowatt .photovoltaic power construction cost for 2-3 million, but we have every reason to believe that, as a large-scale solar PV applications and promotion, especially in the upper reaches of the crystalline silicon PV industry andTechnology matures, scale application, building roofs, .facades etc platform, photovoltaic, solar thermal utilization of composite, each kilowatt photovoltaic power construction cost is expected to be reached in around 2010 - 7000 RMB 1 million, this would have considerable competitive advantage. <br> <br> From the development of the .resource implications of the biomass energy 1 million kilowatts, hydropower, wind power 3.78 million kilowatts 2.53 million kilowatts, but solar energy is 21039 million kilowatts, just 1%, reaching developing 210 million kilowatts, from scale, accounted for biomass energy, wind power 0.46 .1.74% hydropower 1.16%, photoelectric 96.64%; from the current generation of carbon emission rate (g carbon / KWH), not counting its upstream: coal is 275 g, oil, 204 g electricity, natural gas power generation to 181 grams, wind .power is 20 grams, and solar PV is near zero emissions. And, in the power generation process, no waste, waste, waste water, exhaust emissions, no noise, no poisonous substances and, therefore, will not pollute the environment. Therefore, .solar power is currently available in the most environmentally friendly energy sources, the most economical sources of energy. <br> <br> In recent years, with massive solar photovoltaic power generation applications, rapid development and tremendous prospects, its upstream of polysilicon production technology .and products such as computer, semiconductor, large-scale, industrialized production technology has been very mature and perfect, especially from domestic and global existing production process, can ensure that the entire polysilicon production for the whole industry chain and closed operation within the system, .so as to achieve zero emissions level. In recent years, the global solar photovoltaic industry is developing rapidly in the past 10 years the average annual growth rate of PV industry 41.3%, nearly 5 years 49.5%, in 2007 than 2006 56.2 percent. 2007 .China to become the world's first producer of solar energy, yield 1062.8MW 4000.05MW world yield 26.6%. In view of the photovoltaic industry in the country's resources on unique and huge advantage, long-lasting, safe, convenient and universal, manage, and .easy maintenance, low operating costs significantly. Countries should give priority to the development of photovoltaic, supporting policies, vigorously support is in development in the early stages of optoelectronics industry, becoming a new economic growth point, participation in the global economic competition. As China's .national conditions, the oil can yield per capita levels significantly lower than the global level, long-term outsourcing, dependence on petroleum imports increase year by year, as soon as possible with the use of renewable, sustainable solar on the country's national energy strategy for .the security is very important! <br> <br> Looking ahead, looking at the global, the EU is expected to be able to install 3GW 2010 (kilowatt) of PV power plant, in 2030, installation of photovoltaic power generation facility may be .increased to around the world 200GW may reach 1000GW. In the world solar energy Assembly published the Chinese PV development report pointed out that China Solar photovoltaic development potential is huge, 2030 PV installed capacity will reach 1 million kW, annual energy output of up to 1300 .billion kWh, building on-grid PV systems and large-scale photovoltaic power station in the desert of two forms will gradually become the mainstream of China PV market. At the same time, solar photovoltaic power generation can continue to solve China's remote areas people power .and poverty aspects play an important role. With the gradual depletion of fossil energy and solar technology and the further development of industrial scale, solar will eventually convert to its high efficiency, simple, reliable, economic and environmental characteristics, as the future of the energy .star. We fully perspectives, large-scale use of solar power generation, environmental impact and damage will be fully checked, then the car does not exhaust emissions, and do not smoke, a chimney in the mountains, lakes and mountains, birds, and .the whole earth will be a fairy tale world. <br> <br>.