Weak current College】 【pump knowledge (1).

<br> Pump types, principle, purpose <br> First, the definition of water pump: usually raise liquid, fluid or liquid increases the pressure, the prime mover of mechanical energy into a liquid energy so as to achieve the purpose while exhausting the .liquid machines are collectively referred to as pump. <br> <br> Second, the pump works: <br> 1. volumetric pump: leverage the work cavity volume cycle changes to conveying liquid. <br> 2. vane pump: interaction with .blades and liquid to conveying liquid. <br> 3. the specific purposes of pumps: pump have different purposes, different conveying liquid media, different flow, head, therefore, its structure and certainly not the same, <br> Materials are also different ., to sum up, can roughly be divided into: <br> 2-1, urban water supply, sewage system 3, civil engineering, building systems, irrigation systems, 4 5, power system <br> 6. Chemical System 7, petroleum .industry system 8, mine metallurgy system 9, 10, ship of light industry system system <br> 4. water pump type classification <br> (A) according to the pump works Division: <br> 1, 2, Vortex pump centrifugal pump .3 mixed-flow pump, axial flow, 4, 5, 6, steam pump pump 7, 8, gear pumps, roots pump screw pump 9, 10, 11, sliding vane pump spray pump 12, lift pump 13, 14, electromagnetic pump .submersible pump, etc. <br> (2) according to use: <br> 1, 2, pumps, slurry pumps, sewage pumps 3 4, chemical pump, oil pump, etc. 5 <br> (3) other classification methods .: <br> There are many other pumps Division method: according to whether the series is divided into single-stage impeller and multistage pumps; according to the pump suction inlet of one or both are divided into single-suction pump and double suction pump and .so on. <br>】 【Magnetic submersible pump series <br> Magnetic submersible pump it has realized the world submersible pumps a major breakthrough in the field, effective solution to the traditional submersible pumps of various disadvantages: If the conversion efficiency is low, .the power consumption is too high, head of restricted, bearing wear and maintenance frequency, etc. Widely used in industry for drainage, irrigation and plateau, mountains, water, etc. <br> Magnetic submersible pump it to exclusive patented technology changed the submersible .pumps of the manufacturing process, the conversion efficiency of alarming new levels, creating an enormous energy saving benefits. <br> Magnetic submersible pump solves the constraints on the world in the field of development of submersible pumps of the axial force, submersible pumps of the .lift has a breakthrough increase, filling the ultra high-lift (single-head design to km) and large flow (high load) submersible pump market blank; head, flow rate curve is flat. The conversion efficiency, the most high-lift single .tops world leading position. <br> Magnetic submersible pump is a new generation of submersible pumps, it implements a vertical magnetic levitation (under different working conditions remain high efficiency), do not wear, use the time and the number of times the repair cycle .extension, eliminating frequent regular maintenance work, tens of thousands of hours of continuous operation, maintenance, and repair costs savings. <br> Magnetic submersible pump through the national testing laboratory, Shandong province pump products quality testing center. Experimental data shows that magnetic submersible .pump conversion efficiency than traditional electric submersible pump, user usage combined with the experimental data and comparison, in the area of further proof of its efficiency, the conversion efficiency of the world's leading, single-head of the world's leading and high load, extra large .flow, free maintenance, long life and other characteristics! <br> <br> Water pump seven common breakdown and solution <br> A, no boot <br> First of all you should check the power supply condition: Connector connection is secure; .switch contacts are closely; fuses; three-phase power supply is short of equal. If a circuit breaker, bad, fuses, phase, should identify the reasons and to make repairs in a timely manner. Then check if the pump itself of mechanical failure ., common causes are: packed too tightly or impeller and the pump body was stuck between the debris and plug; pump shaft, bearing, reducing ring rusty; serious Flex shaft. Solution: relax packing, dredge flumes; disassemble pump body clear debris, cleaning .; remove pump correction or replacement of the pump. <br> II. supporting dynamic motor overheating <br> Four reasons. One is the power of reason: voltage higher or lower, in particular, if the voltage under load should change in the rating .of + 10% to-5 per cent, will cause the motor to overheat; three-phase voltage asymmetrical power supply, power supply voltage three-phase electric unbalance between phases exceeds 5 per cent, will lead winding overheating; dephased, experience shows that .agricultural motor burned more than 85% is due to the lack of running the motor caused by the lack of protection devices installed. Second, the water pump reasons: power not matching, small horse-drawn cart, motor runs for a long time, so .that the motor overload, temperature is too high; start too frequently, fixed for short-time or intermittent work system of motor continuous work. Should limit boot times, correct choice heat protection, according to the quota on the calibration of the motor. The .third is the motor itself causes: connection error, the error will be received into shape ¡ .÷ Y-shaped, the motor temperature rise rapidly; there is short circuit-to-phase stator windings, turn to turn short-circuit or local grounding, light motor overheating, serious insulation burned; squirrel cage rotor broken or defective motor run 1 - .2 hours, the core temperature rises rapidly; ventilation system fails, you should check the fan is damaged, the rotation direction correctness, ventilation duct is blocked; bearing wear, rotor eccentricity scrapping the rotor core rubbing metal impact sound, the core temperature rises rapidly ., severe motor coil burn smoke, even. Fourth, working environment factors: motor winding damp or dust, oil, etc. attached to the windings, resulting in reduced insulation. Should measure the insulation resistance of the motor and for cleaning and drying treatment; .environmental temperature is too high. When the ambient temperature of more than 35 ° c, the air temperature is high, will make the motor temperature is too high, should seek to improve their working environment. Such as scaffolding-shading, etc. Note: .due to electrical reasons fails, you should obtain a professional qualification certificate of electrical maintenance, a little knowledge of man not blindly repair to prevent personal injury accidents. <br> III.Water heating <br> Cause: bearing damage; bearing or tray cover .gap is too small; pump shaft bending or two axis different heart; tape too tight; the lack of oil or oily bad; impeller balance hole plug, impeller out of balance, increased thrust to the side. Solution: replace the bearings; remove the .back cover, in brackets and housings equipped with gasket between; investigation of shaft or adjust the concentricity of the two axes; appropriate tune belt tightness; add butter, butter, clean up the bearing gap of 60 percent; clear the balance hole plug. < .br> China industrial pumps less than four, flow net <br> This is because dynamic speed does not fit or belt slippage, the speed is relatively low; axial blade installation angle is too small; lift, piping is too long or pipeline have right .-angled bends; the suction is high; bottom valve, pipe and impeller local jam or impeller outlet pipe leaking serious defects;. Solution: restore the rated speed, clear the belt scales, adjust belt tightness; fine blade angle, reduce water pump installation .location, shorten pipeline or change the curvature of the pipeline; seal pump leakage, pressure tight packing; clear the obstruction, replacement impeller; replace reduced ring, plug the leak. <br> Five, not on the water absorption <br> Because of .the pump body with air or gas inlet product or bottom valve closes strictly water dissatisfaction, vacuum packing serious leakage, gate or door closure is not strict. Solution: first, then the water pressure pump body filled with water, and then turn on the system .. Also check whether strict check valve, pipe, connector leakage phenomenon, leakage, after demolition in joints oiled or Matt, and tighten the screws. Check the water pump shaft seal rings, such as wear should change new one. Pipeline leak or leakage. .May install nut screw is not tight. If leakage not serious, can leak or leak smudge cement, or coated with asphalt cement mixing of oil. Temporary repairs to paint some wet mud or soft soap. If the water leakage in the junction, you can .use the wrench to tighten nuts, such as leaking serious you must re-Assembly and disassembly, replacement of a crack pipe; reduce lift, will pump nozzle pressure underwater 0.5m. <br> 6. violent vibration <br> There are several reasons .: electric rotors; coupling combined with bad; bearing wear bending; rotating part parts loose, cracked; pipeline trestle not in jail, etc. Can be taken to adjust, repair, strengthening, straightening, replacement and other approaches. <br> This is .a common cause of pump failure, and not all causes, treatment failure in practice, the actual analysis, should follow after the first external principles, don't blindly. <br> 7. deep well the pump dive pump without water or water on .a small <br> First look at the pump when running current and average current differences when running. If the run time small than usual (basically is the usual current of 2 / 3), you have the impeller wear in the pump head the top .check valves close. If and as large as a normal current, is the pipe gasket leakage, pipe leak leakage, pump body. If the run time than usual, so basically the current can determine is consumable wear problems. Also add that the cable if .damaged, water is as big as usual, but the current will become larger. 3 380V electrical currents generally 2.2A. For these reasons as long as the regular maintenance of the deep-well pump repair personnel can look it up. <br> Pump .cavitation <br> Pump cavitation is caused by water vapor, the so-called vaporization is water from liquid to vapor-State process. Water temperature and pressure of vaporization and have a certain relationship, to a certain pressure, the temperature rise to a certain .value, the water began to vaporization; if under certain temperature, the pressure is reduced to a certain value, the water also be vaporized, and put this pressure is called the water at the temperature of the pressure of vaporization. If the flow, a .localized pressure equal to or lower than the temperature corresponds to the vapour pressure, the water vapor occurs on the premises. Vaporization occurred, they would form a lot of steam and gas mixture of small bubbles. When the bubbles along with the water flow from the .area of low pressure, high pressure zone of high pressure bubble in the role of rupture, high-pressure water at very high speed flows to these original bubble of space, the formation of an impact. Metal surface in the Shui blow pressure, fatigue and .heavily damaged. Therefore we put bubble formation, development and rupture resulting in material damage to the whole process is known as cavitation. <br> Vibration analysis leading to the pump unit and the pump house building vibration causes more, some factors both contact and interaction ., summarized in the following four reasons. <br> 1. electrical <br> Motor is a unit of the main device, an electrical machinery internal magnetic imbalances and other electrical system disorders, often cause vibration and noise. If the asynchronous motor in operation ., the rotor teeth harmonic magnetic interactions of rotor radial alternating magnetic pull between, or large synchronous motor in operation, the rotor magnetic Centre inconsistencies or all directions airgap difference exceeds the allowable deviation values are likely to cause motor vibration and noise periodically. <br> .2. mechanical aspects <br> Motor and pump rotation parts quality uneven, rough way, installation quality and machine axis swing of asymmetric, exceeds allowed value, parts of mechanical strength and stiffness of the poor, bearing and seal parts wear and damage, as .well as the critical speed of the pump unit had been caused by the natural frequency of resonance, etc, will produce a strong vibration and noise. <br> 3. hydraulic aspects <br> Pump inlet velocity and pressure distribution and export of non- .uniform, pump pressure pulsation of working liquid, fluid flow, bias current and non-fixed condition tuoliu and various causes pump cavitation, etc., are examples of vibration caused by the pump unit. Water pump to start and stop, valves, operating conditions .change and accident emergency stop and other dynamic transition caused by pressure in water pipe and the water hammer effect is rapidly changing, often resulting in the pump room and unit produces vibrations. <br> 4, hydraulic and other <br> Turbine inlet duct design .is not reasonable or does not fit with the units, pumps submerged depth, as well as start-up and stopMachine order is unreasonable and so on, will make the water conditions deteriorate, resulting in the whirlpool, or aggravated by cavitation and pump vibration unit .. Adopt damage siphon vacuum stop crew on startup, if the tumult of the hump of air, forming a siphon long; door stop crew door design, when closed when open, constantly colliding flap valve seat; supporting water pump and motor of the Foundation in .the event of non-uniform settlement or less rigid, it will cause the unit vibration. <br> Pump selection <br> When users select the pump, preferably to the agricultural machinery sector recognised point of sale, it is important to identify the manufacturer .. Recommended priority purchase of inflated submersible electric pumps, and see the brand and product quality certification. Never buy "three" (that is, no manufacturer, manufacture date, no production license) products, otherwise there is a problem, the user will be .helpless <br> As a user, due to the limitations of knowledge, it is difficult to judge, the best way is to consult an expert, pump regard may also wish to consult the old pump users, especially those related to their conditions of use ., buy these user xiangjinzhe trustworthy, reliable and more mature product, is a wise choice. At the same time, according to the local power to decide the use-phase and single phase pump or pumps. <br> 2. Select meet the requirements .of the pump head <br> The so-called head refers to the head, and not lift height, with that in mind it is especially important for selecting pump. Pump lift height for water pumping approximately 1.15 ~ 1.20 times. If a water source .to the water Department of the vertical height of 20 meters, the lift of approximately 23 ~ 24 m. <br> Select the pump should be water pump nameplate on the best of the head and the required lift close to general deviation does not exceed 20 .per cent, in this case, the pump can be the most efficient and energy saving, use will be more economic. If the lift is far less than the nameplate on the head, pump often fail to meet the needs of users, even if the .smoke on the water, the water is also small. But conversely, high lift pumps for low lift occurs when excessive flow, causing the motor overload, if long-running, the motor temperature rise, winding insulation will gradually aging and even burnt motor. .<br> 3. Select the appropriate pump flow rate <br> Water pump flow, the water discharge, General should not be chosen too large, otherwise it will increase the cost of purchase of pumps. Selection should be on-demand, such as .a user of self-priming pump family use, flow rate should be selected smaller; such as a user of submersible pumps for irrigation, it may be appropriate to select some of the flow is large. <br> 4. agricultural water pump selection key .<br> 1) to local conditions and buy pumps. Common agricultural pumps has 3 types, namely, centrifugal pump, axial flow and mixed flow pump. Centrifugal pump head higher, but the yield is not suitable for mountain and well irrigation; axial- .flow pump water discharge is large, but head not too high, suitable for use in plain areas; mixed-flow pump of water discharge and lift between centrifugal and axial flow pump, suitable for use in the plain and Hills area. Users according to the .local ground conditions, water and water pumping height for purchase. <br> 2) to the appropriate standard selected pump. Determine the type of pump, to consider their economic performance, paying particular attention to the pump head and flow and its supporting dynamic selections .. It is important to note that pump signs on head (head) and use of water-head (actual lift) is differentiated, this is because the water flow through the pipeline and the pipeline will be around resistance losses. Therefore, the actual lift .General than total lift low 10% -20%, water discharge is reduced accordingly. Therefore, the actual use, you can only sign the note head and flow rate of 80% to 90% of the estimate, the choice of pump supporting dynamic, .you can indicate on the label of the power of choice, in order to make the water pump starts quickly and uses security, power generator power can also be slightly greater than the power required for pumping, typically 10% is appropriate; if you have power ., when you purchase the water pump, you can press the power generator power purchase in line with the pump. <br> 3) it is necessary to strictly out pump procedures. Choose when you want to control the "three-card", that .is, the agricultural machinery promotion permit, production permit and inspection certificate, only three certificates can avoid purchase with complete phase out products and inferior products. <br>.