Weak current College】 【air-conditioning energy saving and energy-saving measures in.

<br> Abstract: in our country, cold regions, especially the "North" area, the heating period, maximum heating energy-saving potential, become the focus of energy efficiency in buildings. For hot summers, cold winter and hot in summer as .well as technological requirements in summer cooling of occasions, the same premise refrigeration units than heating energy and money more, and in recent years, special restaurants, shopping malls, Office and commercial building more and more, coupled with the dramatic increase of household air conditioners ., air conditioning energy consumption upsurge in summer air conditioning energy consumption is becoming big, air-conditioning energy saving is becoming an urgent priority. <br> <br> A, air conditioning energy consumption indicators of control design <br> <br> China .develop some air conditioning energy standards, but has not yet been fully implemented. We have some air conditioning construction made a survey and found a lot of air conditioning equipment selection is too large, the number selection is too large, and some have even exceeded needs .more than doubled. A city with annual air-conditioning stores survey showed that the prevalence of excessive heat in winter. This resulted in the construction of large amounts of money and energy waste. <br> <br> This behavior occurs because a lot more .complicated, but in any case, for indicators of a lack of effective energy consumption control should be an important cause. Proposal to enact the relevant policy, from design, equipment, operation and maintenance, supervision and approval to control all aspects of energy consumption, .the first is to control energy consumption indicators. Developed since 1974-saving legislation gradually improve, or control the thermal resistance, and other indicators of envelope, or the direct control of energy consumption per unit area, it is intended to eliminate the architectural design and .equipment of energy consumption in the adverse possibilities in terms of birth. States also established specialized agencies to study, examine the implementation to ensure that the authority is not exceeded. If Electricite de France (EDF) in Fontainebleau near the electric power Research Institute, specifically .the Department with the "electricity", consists of industrial power and building with two branches, one of which research subjects are building power of rationality, and commissioned by the Government's energy review on large projects. I had the privilege to work in a certain period .of time, felt their practices are for reference. <br> <br> Design energy indicators of policy, technical, and involve a wide, is a delicate and complex systems engineering. Indicators in addition to the architectural design of the building load, you .should consider to air conditioning equipment, including chillers, pumps, fans and power consumption of the terminal device of total energy consumption limit values. In addition to a specialized agency on the design of large and medium-sized project review meeting under the premise of using .the function, and strive to energy consumption are not exceeded. The only way to eliminate construction delivery after big horse cart, waste of energy. <br> <br> Since most of the features air-conditioned buildings complex, demanding and external decoration, .if you simply take control envelope average heat transfer coefficient, the application will be restrictions on it. Recommendations on appropriate for my specific situation of direct energy consumption control indicators, for example, load factor (PAL), air conditioning energy dissipation factor (CEC) ., etc. <br> <br> Second, the calculation method and the corresponding software development problems of the transplantations <br> <br> Share is calculated to determine the design of energy consumption indicators of and necessary means that developed countries are spending a .lot of financial and human resources for research in this field. Energy consumption calculation methods you can use the large hourly analysis software, such as the United States by D () E, ACCESS, the TRNSYS; Japan HASP, France's CIJM2000, etc. The .latter uses the network to the system using dynamic simulation software for network ESACAP Denmark described and simulation calculations, from language (ESACAP) to programming (modular) has its unique characteristics. <br> <br> It should be noted that large software due to .the use of complex (such as DOE, ACCESS-to-peer software, also used to compile subroutine entry), so as a result of the use of personnel quality difference may cause the calculation results vary widely; this type of program are spent is .a lot. In order to facilitate the practical, countries have attached great importance to simple algorithm. For example "degree-day method" for heating energy consumption of residential buildings, although slight rough estimates are extremely simple, so get world-wide application, .it has been for many years. <br> <br> According to the author's view, air conditioning energy consumption, suitable for use in our country should first improved temperature spectrum method (ModifiedBINMethod). It features 1) versatility that can be used for .air conditioning cooling can also be used for heating energy consumption analysis; 2) concise, using stable heat transfer calculation formula, easy-to-understand, easy to use; 3) and "cold load coefficient method" topic, you can reduce the number .of parameters of recalculation. In previous years our team make some work, and there are also some articles published in the hope of China building energy saving a little role to play in. But at present, the main difficulty is the meteorological parameters, the following .talk on this issue. <br> <br> Third, the provision of meteorological parameters <br> <br> For hourly calculation method, the information required is complex meteorological parameters. Even for the aforesaid "improved temperature spectrum method" algorithm, also .used outside air dry and wet bulb temperature two parameters and their frequency of occurrence. Our research group for warm-weather parameters of statistical methods were some discussion. <br> <br> Analysis of energy consumption is inseparable from the meteorological parameters, the current .meteorological services and paid services; and (in my province of meteorology, each parameter O.20 - o.50 element) this meteorological parameter statistics has caused great difficulties, especially in our country is a serious lack of research funds, is even worse. .<br> <br> The developed countries such as the United States, the meteorological parameters are offered at no cost, as the "reference year" (TestReferenceYear) "weather," (WeatherYear), statistics of meteorological parameters all to make the disk .information, meteorological information to the public. Due to the energy conservation work in particular consumption analysis is a nonprofit, non profit, I think the State should formulate policies at least for building energy-saving work to provide free information on meteorological parameters. <br .> <br> Fourth, strengthen the emptyAdjustment to the problems of work <br> <br> In addition to the mentioned energy consumption standards, algorithms, statistical methods of meteorological parameters, and so there are a lot of work to be done, it .should be considered in conjunction with buildings and air conditioning system both to expand research activities. <br> <br> For example, daily shot load for winter heating is favourable, on summer cooling should minimize, therefore in our country, for different climatic regions ., such as architectural form wall ratio should vary by region. <br> <br> As another example, the use of natural and heat sources. Night sky spontaneous ventilation and background radiation effect, direct or indirect use of evaporation, solar energy and other .renewable energy utilization. <br> <br> Another example, a new air conditioning system using promotion issues such as the use of closed-type water loop heat pump system (C10sed - loopHeatPumPsystem) heat recovery air conditioning systems. The author further training in .the United States in 1987 when he participates in the mentor "heat recovery - economic for air conditioning system using rational analysis" topic, and convinced that this kind of system strong, advanced reasonable return also published articles. In recent years, China's water-source .heat pump system actually works is increasing, and in the economic cycle, you contribute to energy saving and improve air quality, it is worth promoting. <br> <br> In addition, VAV system should receive adequate attention. Also, cool / hot .air conditioning system, the heat available in centralized cooling (such as electricity, heat and cooling for), and so many issues can be made. <br> <br> Currently, in the context of research activities, the number of units, many .comrades made unremitting efforts. But I feel that some of the issues by the "man-or guerrilla warfare" is not enough also cited does not attach importance to promote the impact. Should overcome people are all funded units wide spread the practice of Sesame, .nationwide has guided large topic, should try to focus on talent, focus, focus time research. For example, the United States Department of energy DOE program is funded by the United States, set up in many countries, a group of experts has spent several .years out. France CLIM2000 program development, funded by the electric power Research Institute led in cooperation with various institutions out of. <br> <br> On the funds should also be overcome difficulties and increase strength. Now that the "energy saving" has .been called a new "energy", implementing an effective energy-saving measures, equal to the new one or several large power plants, so why not building a medium to large power plant costs so l/10 l/100 to push forward a study .on energy-saving project? <br> <br> For building energy-saving aspects of management staff and research staff should have policies on tilt, in1998 by energy saving, environmental protection, there are enormous social and economic benefits of the "social" .(not to an individual or small units economic benefit), deserve the Government and the strong support of the whole society. <br> <br> 5. air conditioning equipment energy efficiency of air-conditioning equipment in some areas have not received enough attention ., for example: <br> <br> 1.FC is widely used in air conditioning / heating terminal device, the current domestic manufacturers a lot, only there in Shandong province nearly 100. Some enterprises particularly rural enterprises, lack of concern on the .quality of products, technical force is weak in the start process, often to the one-sided pursuit of hot and cold production targets and increase the fan motor, power consumption is not reasonably increase. The current state of the relevant standards, yet provides unit .power (power consumption) refrigeration, heat index, this provides substantial consumption of FC had the green light to enter the market. Recommendations on the implementation of product license system, increase product energy consumption indicators as soon as possible, in the interest of energy saving .. <br> <br> 2. retrofitting for heating the user is about to flow a lot of topics, there are many successful foreign experience and energy-saving effect available. At present, with a fan-coil air conditioning / refrigeration system start .into the new dormitory and central cooling, should also take into account users with cold measurement issues. And heating pipe Similarly, to solve the problem of cold water pipe network of balance and, if necessary, consider adding balance valve, etc. These work as .soon as possible. Otherwise, some years later, we face a large number of projects for energy saving issues. This means that part of the construction costs of reuse and waste as well as the useful life of an empty part of the energy consumption. < .br> <br> 3. energy-saving equipment should be strongly encouraged to develop and promote the application of, in addition to the fourth part of this article said some energy-saving air-conditioning system, there should be promotion with motor frequency converter .of fan and pump, VAV and VWV air conditioning system. A drier in climate and in summer and temperature in the larger region, research on implementation of evaporative cooling and natural ventilation, and other natural night can cool down of use and related equipment research, .development and promotion. <br> <br>.