【 Weak current College 】 OTIS Otis Elevator malfunction set II-Power By 【 China power house network 】

Fault 51: 3100 elevator car stopped on the 3 floor anomalies-10 centimeters, showing a bumper unable to run the repair operation is out, after the examination found C1 contactor 21.22 contactor.

Fault 52: otis3100 symptom DZ not lit LVC not snap-action, according to LVC coil without 24V,. investigation no output DC24V LCB2, replace LCB2DC24 voltage manifold LM7824 the manifold after normal is Motorola's power over other model 1A. This failure by cnngaigh provides.

Fault 53: gen2 open climbing not panic drive fast die twice and then beat overhaul did not move, be sure to pull to, later on, the original TT two brake switch bs1bs2 are not synchronized.

Fault 54: [br] 300vf elevator, the runtime always appear sudden stop, and then addressing leveling, and continue to run, in response to previous outbound or internal elections. M4211, i.e. the current display: elevator malfunction, the inverter InverterOCT overcurrent. And monitor directory record for F101, inverter over current, over current protection in DSP implementation, when the fault is detected will stop base. This protection by comparing the current intensity and predefined error point (an E ^ 2 parameter represents the highest line currents). Find information on the random otis (here or would like to thank you! I failed solution), such a failure to check the motor of the Earth wire is loose. According to the information that really is the Earth wire is loose, tighten it seems after fault elimination or otis 's!!! engineer who experience old Ah, or else I go looking for reasons why Ah!!!

Fault 55: T40 elevator operation for 10 years, and suddenly one day lift appears uneven layer of phenomena, the IPU, IPD, DZ sensors and specially plates are moving too, been replaced in the same invalid DMCU, finally found control cabinet earthing terminal there are a few loose, tighten the elevator maintenance after normal. not only electrical components must bear line, Earth wire to tighten.

Fault repair 56: I recently had a 3100 elevator symptom is: from the top floor of 8 layers to the layers under sometimes elevator show from 8 layers quickly becomes 1 layer, Elevator emergency stop in 7 layers, former la RAM just fine, but the old, then checked the results found that the following cable 2LS, multimeter amount cable more than 200 of resistance, after the change has no longer appears.

Failed 57: otis3200 elevator, symptoms, no elevators do not run, no outbound, the room within the selected fault recording is DBD entry errors, clean up the UD relay 21.22-contact, the contact points, LB relay 21.22 UDX41.42-contact, the fault persists, the amount after the multimeter, found RF1 rectifier capacitance aging, the output voltage is not enough, after replacing capacitor 30V.

Failed 58 (debug encounter): GEN2 elevators each power power-TCB (M-1-2-1) failed: 0600SPB-Alert standby lock staircase time slightly longer, occasionally the panic, M-1-2-1 faulty records: 0302Door-Bridge0304DOL: alw.on. TCB fraternities DOL light flashes, the plugin to insert, self-learning, temporary solution; light curtain from 605 to 607.

Fault 59: owners reflect a 3100 elevator always appears inexplicable death ladder. to the scene see elevator panic but sometimes immediately up and running with TT enquiries LCBII. find the following failure: 0100, 0231. after suspected sedan handling maintenance fault signal of RS5. replacement lift is operating normally.

Fault 60: T2000 elevator operating normally, the door to normal after leveling, shut the door, when only forced to close button is not available, the light being normal, controlled door machine parameters normally COPY from new, MC Board after the closing film.

Fault 61: T40H, SGB plate no electricity, but the line is good. But that is not displayed, then SGB down clean, change to another lift can be used. Contact is not good, dust caused.

Fault 62: France 2000 elevator. no people inside, the old in the attic-recoil, 9/f, if someone teach-compartment, there would not be out of this problem, check the hash, steel, oil found too many, after cleaning.. ok.

Fault 63: 3200 lift, from the first floor when the lift to second floor flat floor area, lift occurs after the emergency stop, can stop-out slow, but cannot get the express train. The elevator up to the first floor, recovery express run, but when you run to the second floor flat floor area, lifts and an emergency stop, Zhou and villages. After checking, 1LS damaged, replace, the lift is complex.

Fault 64: Theo OH-CON (SPB + LCB2 + SIEI), sometimes stop to lift a floor fixed ladder, you cannot enter instruction. use TT view, as a DTO. examination hall doors are no problem-this failure frequency of about half a month. After replacement door signal cable, Elevator back to normal.

Fault 65: T60 elevator, elevator to uplink, downlink cannot start, contactors, also as the primary contact for after enquiries, contact a phase broken, this situation has occurred on many occasions, at attention. This failure by wyde provides. The automatic door closing time OTIS2000VF adjustment ~ today a landlord that elevator automatic closing time is too long (to open the door, not by the door button) for a long time to shut this is minor problems many people do not care about, here to tell some of the friends do not know the parameters in OC have CC-DT (car button) and HC-DT (outbound button) closing time is milliseconds.As the unit of .40 and 4 seconds. ~ the elevators original time parameter is 80, elevator to 8 seconds before the door after changing back 40-, and four seconds to close the door.

Fault 66: T-3100R, ladder in a layer, no fast, slow, pull-in, release OP repeatedly. Go to maintenance workers, has changed frequency converter, motherboard LBII .... According to RF1 plate electrolysis leakage, normal replacement ladder. Inspiration: handling failure should carefully check all levels point pressure, blind hands-on easy walk to many detours!!!

Fault 67: T-3100 ladder up to the top speed changing, suddenly stop, and then return to the base station. According to the magnetic stripe on the exchange rate between the slit (7 mm or so), repaired staircase.

Fault 68: T-3 ladder after power on, power on the trip with moving. According to brake resistance after blowing, get a new stair properly. This failure by gaoyuzhou provides.

Fault 69: XIZIOTIS, STAR/616G5/LCBII. Occasional closed after starting, frequency converter displays the DBD protection fault. Power outage and then resume normal transmission, elevator. After frequent the same fault, related contacts, replace the SW1, SW2, DFC, BY, UD. Having a tough time fault reproduce, investigation discovery in SW1.SW2 of auxiliary contacts loop has a threaded BY long closed guide point, which is not on the original diagram. Is artificial added (perhaps to brake lines added). After its demolition, run half year didn't make this type of failure. But another similarly elevator without such failures. Strange? please insert make moves!

Fault 70: Xizi stopped in Gen2 elevator for any 1, 2, between the layers. Because emergency rescue operation breakdown, ladder can't move. TT: brake switch failure, check the climb without DC24V, well road (seatbelt OH) found out the result of long-term insurance socket void received the thermal deformation and fracture. Fix elevator properly. This failure is part of the fetus, colleagues note!!!. The other cannot be taken with a grain of salt TT: Oh.

Fault 71: OTIS3100, safety circuits, display, are fine. Outbound in selected, are invalid. Could not repair, car top station two talents to downlink. According to the preliminary charge converter blowing a resistor, the resistance of the merger, with similar parameters resistance instead. Elevator normal so far. The failure only touched once!

Fault 72: ever heard of the elevator inbetween the two layers are automatically opened the car door, there's no fear of passengers. I do not believe that the previous repair a fault, it is the emergence of this phenomenon. 3100 elevator, the runtime stops in between the two-story building, automatic door, passengers face well road, the end result is a car top of RS14 broke a piece, like car top junction box following the piece, replaced correctly. Is the handle of door signal board DCSS5. Random signal to the door. Thus, serial communication shortcomings not small, parallel communication signals to true.

Fault 73: one TOEC-3 elevator, owners reflect every morning when you open the door to close open staircase are in place, you need to force the door after outside in place, work is normal, and full-day are OK, maintenance personnel continually examine three days, the roots are no fault found, finally found a portal crane carbon brush card resistance, resulting in poor contact, restored to normal.

Fault 74: 3100R2 nuclear AODA door no display, check for door circuit board power supply section 51 European resistance destroyed, replaced the normal resistance door.

Fault 75: the door is closed are not T-40 place! check door resistance voltage normal normal!! check found motor brush after tightening loose!.

Fault repair of yesterday 76: T-40 elevator is 12/12 the elevator down to the 6th floor! there is no coherent jitter! 1/f, basic in 7/8 around the lift under no fault logging!! after checking is adjusts the machine fault! incorrectly, causing the wire rope traction wheel wear and bearing severe! wire rope shall not, in my first ropes before oil clean! adjust tightness of wire rope, the basic no fault! a few days to swap big wheel/rope/to do not necessarily come also appears this fault! I lift this line soon! if you say is wrong oh please don't laugh at me! my friends can also be valuable comments!

Fault 77: multiple Xizi STAR with Yaskawa inverter frequent OC overcurrent protection, SC burn occurs, then check the module main power is 14KW and inverter is only 9. 5KW do not match, then the manufacturers after reconstruction.

78: 3100LCBII elevator malfunction, failure, squatting, restore normal functioning, but some time later 10 appears where the missing issue, and then squatting, check individual wells road signal all normal, and then look inside the relay State control cabinet, LVC in failure, leading to relay release LV1, LV2 relay does not suck, check the LVC lines with no exception, LCBII plug plug it in again after fault disappears, suspected bad, adjust the plug plug back in operation after no exception.
Fault 79: 3100 elevator sometimes appears lost location of faults, the check, when the elevator from the ground floor of the top running a 100 per cent at fault occurs, check the wells road signal all normal, really can not find the reason, you will be well road OVF20 learning, learning revealed that failure is not in the event of a suspected chip data error, because learning after leveling accuracy is not an exception.

Fault 80: XO--STAR hospital ladder. DO2000 door 4 type. Switch on the door slowly, and jitter run, according to door plate 3-phase output there is a phase in poor contact, pull down the interface, plug, fault disappears, is operating normally.

Fault 81: 3100R2 in maintenance, off the main power and close power, often causing nuclear AODA door plate is damaged. Detection voltage 403VTo check the control cabinet, found TRF1 transformer input termination 380V-end, after grafting 399V side, no failure occurred. Recommended maintenance 3100R2, don't ruin the continuous frequently.

Fault 82: Theo 21VF elevator to spot slow cars can run, inverter indicates display * 047TT reality security company, MCSS onboard display properly. Safety circuit encoder lines are normal. In the maintenance of State press and hold down the button has the electric motor. The problem is brake cannot open, check brake switch normal brake contactors also sucks. Weight without brake coil resistance. Finalize the brake coil damage. Replacement properly.

Fault 83: Theo FO elevators ACB-2BRDS gantry crane. The elevator can run but do not open the door to check the resistance of door panel door plate switch RS5 door seated signal is functioning, the last in a line of communication within the search found DC30V patchy, finally found a top connection box plug-ins are loose. After the new fastening.

Fault 84: LCB-IIAMCB2SIEI OH5000 configuration. Lift does not close the door to the scene is also not displayed within, the check finds that found on plug-ins plug RS5, code is passive. Fix to normal but after the show or not show the fire door, TT, turned out to be a significant damage to the RS5 plates burn marks. Replacement properly. But the elevator or cannot run. The original formation of the RS5 plate also broke (lock staircase) replaced correctly.

Fault 85: GN2 elevator door descendants to block the light curtain to panic, or seeing the DTC failures TT, or seeing the door status is found no change in LRD. The lookup parameters found LRD parameter values wrong change back to normal.

Fault 86: Configure FO the freight elevator, elevator door plate ACB-IIBRDS does not close the door or the door door motor in jitter door resistance heating quickly. Check the switch in place good signal, RS5 replacement fault persists, there is resistance as measured by measuring the electrical resistance, and electrical and mechanical brush correctly, capacitor replacement fault persists. Finally replace door plate back to normal.

Fault 87: OH5000 (MRL) configuration LCB-IIAMCB2 gearless machine. Elevator operation after a break time always appears converter protection (overload), view the inverter host settings parameters found inconsistent with the host. Modifications done from the new host learning after the elevator runs without exception.

Fault 88: Theo model STAR configuration LCB-IIAMCB2SEIE13VTR host. Elevator cannot run, the engine room to play-based maintenance, climbing can only run a break time cannot run, plug in the TT, I found the 1LS misoperation enquiries line found control cabinet Plug one end has loose, tighten back to normal.

Failure 89: Theo model STAR configuration LCB-IIAMCB2SEIE13VTR host. To the scene of inverter protective (velocity anomaly) reset and elevator cannot run, replace the following lift after the encoder is running properly.

Failure 89: Theo model STAR configuration LCB-IIAMCB2SEIE13VTR host. To the scene of inverter protective (velocity anomaly) reset the elevator runs correctly but run a week after the recurrence rate anomaly. Check the encoder Circuit found that plug-in PIN process do not sometimes cannot conduction. Processed correctly.

Failure 89: Theo model STAR configuration LCB-IIAMCB2SEIE13VTR host. To the scene of inverter protective (contactor error protection) reset the elevator runs correctly but run time recurs after you modify the converter parameter protection.

Fault 90: Theo model STAR configuration LCB-IIAMCB2SEIE13VTR host. To the scene of inverter protective (overload) Elevator down to run properly. Each time you run up to the top level is an overload protection, frequency converter modify AMCB parameter after the elevator up and running.

Fault 91: Theo model STAR configuration LCB-IIAMCB2SEIE13VTR host. To lift properly, powered converter will not be able to enter the menu. Replace the inverter from the new lift up and running after debugging.

Fault 92: 300 elevators, 23/f, close the door has opened the door, displayed in Flash, to room playing INS shorted lock elevator is not running, the Terminal voltage 110V.2-1-3DFC lowercase, DBP relay 21/22 is damaged, replace it to another point on the back to normal.

Fault 93: GEN26/6 two parallel ladder, in normal running two elevators with emergency stop, check your power supply distribution Chamber found elevator C phase 380V power is low, at 350, check control cabinet phase sequence relay display undervoltage lacks protection, Elevator power normal elevator also work correctly!!!.

Fault 94: otis3200, cp4 tripping, identified as the brake coil burn, etc to get a new fault persists after that. Due to the dual switches, cp4w fractured all the way, discover the rectifier bridge pile of breakdown, replacement, and troubleshooting.

Fault 95: two parallel 3200, failure to B ladder cannot eliminate numbers, A normal, judgment the ladder for serial communication problem., or serial communication line is bad, the control cabinet serial communication connectors reseat it. troubleshooting. Sometimes the failure appears to be complicated, so long as the careful, is very easy to crash.

Failure 96: a T40-TNT Express downlink normal stop uplink starts. Slow uplink, downlink chenzhonggan significantly. The inspection found speed parts brake insurance have a burnt down. Replacement properly.

Fault 97: 3200, the lift to the first floor could not find the location, Room 213 observation lift to 1st floor 1LS sometimes become small, after doing a child again emphasise learningThe elevator was normal.

Fault 98: Xizi Otis XO-STAR passenger elevator LCB-Ⅱ + LPB + Yaskawa inverter, the symptom as running floor missing, Elevator emergency stop, show "—" and the base station returns to normal after addressing, this phenomenon is incidental, two or three days or longer; or in the elevator door leveling close, immediately after the safety edge are flexible without jamming, light eyes are invalidated, forced to close after reverse base to return to normal, or is not in the entrance area of the door, when stopped escalator inspection judgements is leveling sensors work instability, replace the observation for a period of time after work. Failure to do this kind of sensors (leveling sensors of type bistable magnetic induction) performance is not very stable.

Fault 99: T40 elevator, cabin high 5 floor ground Ridge 1 m emergency stop, 10/f, outbound display. control cabinet fault display d., fault indicator SDPL lit. climbing can run unchanged, however, the inspection to PS plate fuse open circuit F2 to enable + 42V power circuit breaker replacement fuse. after normal.

Fault-100: T40 elevator door side, almost every layer of closed cabin appears after the call-number of fault, the fault is frequently adjusted close to last PCT time to slow down, the fault disappears. the failure by jiangwei provides. Troubleshooting 101: T-3 (Ningbo Xinda door) sometimes does not switch on the door, according to the normal switch relays pick-up, gantry crane and gantry crane plates are normal, gantry crane and gantry crane after discovery panels interface is bad, the replacement interface correctly.

【 Weak current College 】 cold storage design technical knowledge

Common cold storage can be divided into the wholesale business of cold storage, retail freezer, productive cold storage. Production of cold storage built in sourcing more focused areas, but also the transportation is convenient, and market linkages, and other factors.
　　
Cold storage is not in direct sunlight and temperature is too high for the occasion, should be built on the best in the shade, a small freezer best built indoors. Freezer around should have good drainage conditions, groundwater level to low, it is best to have a cold storage underneath, and insulating layers remain a well-ventilated, dry, it is important to the freezer. In addition in the freezer before construction should be based on the refrigeration unit of the power to set up the appropriate capacity for three-phase power supply, if the refrigeration unit is the water cooler, water should be laid, build good good cooling tower.
　　
Cold storage warehouse capacity of
　　
Freezer storage size according to the storage of products of the highest amount to design. This capacity is based on the storage of products in the refrigerated warehouse stacked within the required volume, coupled with the pedestrian walkway, calculations to determine cold storage capacity, and then determine the length of the cold room width and height.
　　
The select freezer insulation
　　
Cold storage insulation material selection is necessary to have good insulation properties, and also economical. Cold storage insulation material there are several types, one is the root length, width and height of the processed all of the Library Board with check, according to the needs of the library of the installation, select the appropriate size of the Library Board, high, medium-temperature refrigerated warehouse General selection 10 cm thick of Library Board, low temperature cold and freezing cold-like selection of 12 cm or 15 cm thick of library board; another cold storage can use polyurethane spray foam sprayed directly on the materials to the construction of brick or concrete cold storage warehouse, shaped and insulation after both moisture-proof.
　　
Insulation with polyurethane and polystyrene resin, etc. Polyurethane non-absorbent, insulation of good, but cost more; polystyrene fat absorption, heat less, but is less expensive. The structure of modern cold storage to the assembled cold storage development, made of moisture-proof coating and included insulation layer of cold store Widget, do on-site Assembly, its advantages are easy, fast, and portable, but the cost is relatively high.
　　
Select freezer refrigeration system
　　
Selection of refrigerating system is mainly a refrigerator compressor and evaporator selection. In General, a small selection of hermetic compressor refrigerator. As a result of hermetic compressor power small, relatively cheap; medium cold storage selection semi-enclosed compressor mainly in general; large selection semi-enclosed compressor refrigeration storage, use, or you can consider the ammonia refrigeration compressor, because ammonia refrigeration compressor power and multi-purpose a machine, but cold storage installation and management is more complex. Selection of the evaporator, the heat cold store to use air cooler for the evaporator, which is characterized by rapid cooling, but the readily lead to moisture loss of refrigerated product; selection of medium and low temperature cold produced by the evaporation of seamless tubes, its characteristics are constant temperature effects, and the timely cool.

【 Weak current College 】 shunt set flow valve related works---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Shunt Assembly flow valve is a shunt valve, collecting valve and flow set valve. Shunt valve is the hydraulic system consists of the same energy to two execution components supply the same flow (same amount shunt) to implement two actuators speed synchronized or definite relationship. Set flow valve, you from the two implementation component collection, traffic or the amount of oil in order to achieve this speed synchronization or definite relationship. Shunt Assembly flow valve is also a flow divider and collecting valve function. Equal flow divider principle of structure. Set for imported oil pressure, flow rate q0-p0, the valve after two road through two area equivalent fixed orifice 1, 2, respectively, oil, a b, and then from the variable throttle mouth 3-, 4-outlet through out I and II to two actuators. If the implementation component of the load are equal, the shunt mouth outlet pressure p4, p3 = because valve two tributaries road size completely symmetrical, so the output flow are symmetric, q1 = q1 = q0/2, and p1 = p2. When due to load the asymmetric ¡ù p4, p3 and p4 p3 > set, valve core is in the middle movement too late, because two tributaries of the same total resistance, will certainly make q1p2. At this point the valve in asymmetric hydraulic pressure to the left so that the variable throttle mouth, 3 4 decrease the throttle mouth, thereby reducing the q1, q2, until q1 ≈ q2, p2, p1 ≈ cartridge is a new equilibrium position stabilized. That is, exports to the two implementation components of the flow are equal, when the two element dimensions are identical, the velocity is synchronizes. Split-cycle, p0 is greater than P1 and P2, and so the valve is in phase 5 and 6 from the State, each hook. If load pressure p4 p3 >, if the valve remained in the Middle, will result in p1 p2 >. This is the integrated cartridge will move left, variable throttle mouth 3 reduce the rise in the p1, p2, p1 ≈ spool stopping movement. Because both fixed orificearea 1 and 2 are equal, so the two fixed orifice flow q2 q1 ≈, not subject to the export pressure p3 and p4 change. Set flow condition, p0 is less than P1 and P2, and so the two spool is mutual pressed state. Set load pressure p4 > p3, if the valve remained in the Middle, will result in p1 p2 >. When pressed into one of the spool to the left to decrease the throttle mouth, p2, p1, p2 until ≈ stop valve. The q2 q1 ≈ without inlet pressure p3 and p4 change.

Weak current College】 【resolution sealing performance and quality of the valve --- Power By】 【China power house network.

<br> Valve sealing performance is good and bad quality check valve of one of the main index. Valve sealing performance mainly includes two aspects, namely the internal leakage and leakage. Internal leakage is the seat and shut down parts of the media to reach between .sealed, examination of standards for two in our country. One is a Board member of December 1992, 1993, 1 June started implementing national standards GB/T13927-92 "universal valve pressure test". This standard is the reference to the use of international .standards ISO5208-1982 the industrial valves valve pressure test of the developed; the other is the original Ministry of machine-JB/T9092 publication-1999 valve test and inspection of this standard is the reference to API598-1986 the valve of checking and testing " .. <br> <br> GB/T13927-92 apply to general industrial valve of checking; JB/T9092-1999 applies to the inspection of oil industrial valves. Leakage refers to stem packing location of leaks, in flange gasket parts of leakage and .the valve because of the casting defect caused by leakage, leakage is not allowed. If the media is not allowed to be discharged into the atmosphere, the leakage of seal sealing than internal leakage. Therefore, the valve sealing performance should cause the importance attached by .the manufacturer. Affect the valve sealing performance factors mainly: <br> <br> ① sealed surface quality. <br> <br> ② seal width; <br> <br> ③ valve and the valve after pressure difference; <br> .<br> ④ sealed surface materials and their processing status; <br> <br> ⑤ media properties; <br> <br> ⑥ hydrophilic surface; <br> <br> ⑦ existence of seal oil film; <br> <br .> ⑧ off pieces of rigid and structural characteristics. <br> <br> Seal the surface quality on the valve sealing performance of the valve seat sealing surface refers to pieces with close contact to close to each other. When sealing surface pressure in 40MPa following ., sealing the surface quality on the valve sealing performance plays a decisive role. This is because when the seal surface pressure is small, low surface roughness, the leakage rate increased rapidly. When sealing surface pressure, surface roughness on the effect of significantly reducing leakage .. <br> <br> Seal width on the valve sealing performance of sealing the surface width determines the length of the pores. When you increase the width, fluid motion along the pores, lengthened stroke movement resistance increase. Increase the width of the sealing .surface reduces the high pressure valve of erosion and wear. Seal width increase, causing leakage stroke length proportional to increase, allowing you to scale to reduce leakage. But seal width increase, in the same seal strength, sealing pressure decrease, makes the possibility of .leakage. Therefore, you cannot increase the sealing surface of infinite width. <br> <br> Valve and the valve after pressure difference on the valve sealing performance of theoretical analysis, valve, the valve after pressure difference and leakage is proportional to the relationship .. But the test proves: in other things equal, the leakage rate of growth is more than the increase of the pressure differential. Leakage and pressure difference between can approximate the following type: <br> <br> G = M (P2 + SN .△ △ P) type: M, N, S - constant coefficient △ P - - differential pressure, these coefficients depend on the material, the surface quality of machined seals, sealing surface pressure and other conditions; <br> <br> Seal the .surface materials and their processing status on the valve sealing performance of sealing surface materials and their processing status on valve leakage has a great effect. Due to the sealing surface of the remaining gap size depends on the sealing surface micro-unevenness, so, if you .are using steel materials for sealing ring, causing the same seal level, there must be greater than the pressure, its value must exceed the brass sculpture of sealing ring pressure value. And seal the surface treatment, such as the crest of the deformation, dimensions ., and sealing gap of change and other phenomena have occurred in the metal surface layer, it is clear that the performance and substrate surface materials performance distinct. Changes caused by processing can affect surface thickness 50 μ m. Grind, do not expose the base metal .. Work surface organization different from the metal matrix organization. Materials performance and geometric shapes and compared to the micro-geometry. Metal performance differences, usually less than other factors. Sealing surface in low voltage conditions, this situation is even more pronounced. When the .pressure is higher than 40mpa, surface roughness on the sealing performance of just reduce the influence of the material will increase. <br> <br> Media properties on the valve sealing performance of liquid media influence on leakage is basically determined by the viscosity in the .same sealed valve, all kinds of things equal, viscosity big medium small than the viscosity of medium leakage are much smaller. Gas medium and liquid media difference compared to the more obvious (saturated steam, vapor easily guarantee seal). <br> <br .> Surface hydrophilic on valve sealing performance of hydrophilicity impact leakage because of the role of the pores. When the seal on the surface, as long as there is a layer is a thin oil film, will be increased through the gap of water pressure. Due .to the metal surface with good hydrophilicity, kerosene can easily permeable casting and seal attached clearance. Therefore, in some of the most crucial occasions, is the use of kerosene for the sealing of the hydraulic test. Using cavity filling kerosene to tightness test, approx .. 0.3 ~ 0.4MPa pressure pressure tightness test. <br> <br> Seal oil film on the valve sealing performance of sealing surfaces present seal oil film on the sealing effect significantly. When the surface is sealed oil film, destroyed the contact surface between .hydrophilic, which requires a large pressure difference to the media through the pores. In addition, there are dense surface sealing oil film can jam media channel to improve your connection. In the use of oil-film sealed attention: when work processes to reduce oil .film, you should be able to recover oil film thickness. Valve in the grease is not allowed to dissolve in media, nor should it evaporates, hardening or other chemical change. <br> <br> Turn off pieces of rigidity and structural features of .the valve sealing performance of closed parts of rigidAnd structure is due to the flexibility of the parts. Because of the closed valve closes the pieces do not absolutely rigid, but have a certain flexibility, and media-related pressure, size change, this is also .caused by the interaction of the sealing surface of the force. To compensate for these changes on close of sealing performance, the best is to seal the surface has less rigid elastic deformation, which is as large as possible. At valve production enterprises attach importance to .affect the valve sealing performance factors, the valve sealing performance caused by leakage minimized to stop valve of the leak and leakage. <br>.

【 Weak current College 】 equipment installation and debugging process quality management

First, an overview
Equipment installation and debugging process is the most important equipment quality formation process, the result is customer (owners) are most concerned about. Only after the installation and debugging is able to form the real production operation ability, and as such, we should pay special attention to these two processes management.
Device management of the overall objective is to improve device projects investment benefits, social, causes the equipment quality desired quality level. The overall objective of the decomposition to device formation stages, in particular, equipment installation and debugging process quality management objectives are: device management engineer should follow the supervision contract requirements, track monitoring equipment installation and debugging process, enabling local and overall performance of the device, run function and production capacity will reach design and contract requirements, the equipment quality conforms to the national technical specifications and customer requirements (owners).
Equipment installation work including the equipment arrived acceptance, equipment base preparation and inspection, also based out of the library, transportation, OBA, installation, Setup checks, filling, cleaning and oiling, inspection and acceptance testing, etc.
Device debugging work mainly various kinds of adjustment, testing, inspection and measurement equipment commissioning generally can be divided into no-load operation test, load test, precision test 3. Debugging also includes static and dynamic tests, cold and hot test, also includes equipment operation and process adjustments, equipment system linkage program setting and complete sets of test running, etc.
With the aforementioned effects device form factors like quality, equipment installation and debugging process quality factor is personnel, machines, materials, methods, and the environment. From the ready to install start to debug the whole process of acceptance ends are in response to the five factors being monitored, to ensure the quality of equipment.
Follow the installation and debugging work order and quality time, device management engineer on equipment installation and debugging of the preparation, process, and acceptance of the quality management implementation.
Second, equipment installation planning process management
1. equipment installation planning of the audit
In this phase, the device management engineer of audit include the following:
① auditing device installation is based on the technical standard and acceptance.
② Audit contractor performance, audit contractor's equipment installation technology programmes and measures, review the installation of economic rationality, technical feasibility, security, reliability, and provide audit opinion.
③ auditing device installation process technical specifications, quality meets the installation requirements of the contract and national standards, inspection, acceptance device installation process results.
④ response contractors submissions of important parts, key process steps of the installation process.
2. installation contracting units of qualifications and qualification of personnel Setup audit
① Audit installation contractors for qualification and Installer, especially the audit unit of qualification special operations, special operations personnel's qualification certificate, install command systems, logistics, material supply system, quality management systems and technology management system, safety monitoring system, etc.
② Audit subcontractors, including sub-contractors of the qualification, special industry license, subcontractor performance and special operations personnel qualification certificate, etc.
③ examination equipment installation work for quality assurance capacity (including quality accountability).
3. other readiness assessment
① Audit civil construction parts are able tomeet the requirements of the installation. Assist customers (the owners) and civil construction units installed units provide the necessary installation space, space and hydropower installation conditions such as road.
② Audit equipment installation of machines, machines should meet the needs of equipment installation and intact.
③ Instrumentation and facilities should meet the requirements of allowed uncertainty and effective verification and calibration period.
④ audit security production facilities and methods.
[Example 10] device management engineer in equipments installation planning process for audit include ().
A. examine the device installation is based on the technical standard and acceptance
B. audit contractor performance
C. audit equipment installation process technical specifications, quality meets the installation requirements and national standards of contract
D. response contractors submissions important parts, key process steps of the installation process.
E. audit equipment installation of machines, machines should meet the needs of equipment installation
Answer: ABCD
3, equipment installation implementation process management
1. equipment for the library and out-of-the-box testing management
According to the provisions of the Treasury management of the library. Devices out of the box to check the equipment procurement, equipment, departments of organizations, the installation Department, tools, tooling and use sector. If the line of imported equipment, should in the stipulated time and inspection departments. Out of the box when you check the packing slip should be controlled, accord inventory and record, if damaged, corroded, parts shortage problem, to take photos or record the other method, as the vendors and the sector representations claimed basis, and that the equipment purchase contract claim period.
Contractor in the scene out of the box test, the device management engineers implementing site supervision. Main check the following:
① checking random file compliance and appearance, check the box number and crates and packaging. Include the packing slip, inventory check equipment models, specifications, parts, components, tools, accessories, spare parts and technical manual, etc. Inspection specifications, models, quantity is consistent with the manifest; check the equipment nameplate and appearance quality; check equipment manufacturing unit of certification, inspection reports and test reports, brochures and other documents of integrity and authenticity, validity.
② for onsite delivery device, generally by the manufacturer in the field Assembly, debugging, and test run, self-tests qualified to draw equipment supervision engineers review, pending review of qualified to sign the acceptance.
③ for permanent or long-term equipment reconstruction project, should the contract performance requirements, after a certain amount of practice tests, and the identification of qualified only after acceptance.
④ for important key large equipment, should be determined by the customer (Owners) identification of the group.
All random sources, test records, acceptance examination conclusions, etc. should all inventory, finishing archive.
2. the device installation process management
During installation, device management engineer to each key parts, components, stand-alone devices and equipment for monitoring the quality of the installation.
① total supervision engineer organization equipment Engineer determines quality witness and testimony, and to the contractors to give the low-down.
② equipment supervision engineer overseeing major equipment out of the box and acceptance, and approval of major equipment the contractor submitted, OBA records table.
③ equipments management engineer dealing with the main contractor submitted materials, major equipment and applying table and quality audit proof information.
④ during installation, the audit contractor on approved installation process or measures of adjustment, supplement or change, and should be checked by the supervising engineer.
⑤ keep checking installation unsafe, found the problem solved.
⑥ total supervision engineer arrangement supervisor on the installation process for inspections and checks, on the important parts, key sequence, key time, and the engineering conduct on-site supervision.
⑦ urge the parties to the various systems of preparatory work, and track inspection equipment installation and commissioning of units, to confirm the device debugging locally, and the overall operation of technical parameters and performance meets requirements.
⑧ Open field coordination Council, coordinating installation of the parties, and particularly many subcontractors and cross-job site, timely resolution of issues affecting the quality of the installation.
⑨ If supervision officers found the installation process in a major quality problems, can cause accidents or have already created quality accident by Chief supervisor release engineering moratorium, require the contractor suspension and correction. Upon completion of the rectification by the supervising staff review, compliance requirements, Chief supervisor should promptly signed works to resume work on the application form.
[Example 11] contractors in the scene out of the box test, the device management engineers implementing site supervision. Main check ().
A. check the random file compliance and appearance, check the box number and crates and packaging situations
B. the number of main material equipment
C. for onsite delivery device, generally by the manufacturer in the field Assembly, debugging, and test run, self-tests qualified to draw equipment supervision engineers review, pending review of qualified to sign the acceptance
D. for permanent or long-term equipment reconstruction project, should the contract performance requirements, after a certain amount of practice tests, and only after the accredited be acceptance
E. critical for important, large equipment shall be borne by the customer identification Panel inspection
Answer: ACDE

【 Weak current College 】 air source heat pump unit compressor fault analysis

Air source heat pump unit because it comes with heat and cold sources, easy installation, etc., in recent years, widespread application; but because of air conditioning load and external environment, work scope volatile, unit in non-standard conditions run longer, in some poor condition, there have been some compressor unit failure. This article in respect of air-source heat pump in the actual operation of the emergence of some compressor failure issues detailed analysis and presents the appropriate improvement measures.
2 symptoms

Air source heat pump unit used in compressor types more to hermetic reciprocating compressor is common, but the entire seal piston compressor failures, mostly occurs at runtime for heating in winter. Through some fault of the fault and the compressor Anatomy, compressor failure generally fall into three categories:

(1) of the compressor suction valve blade cracked

Phenomenon: compressor oil level normal, compressor bearing, crankshaft, connecting rod intact, suction valve blade cracked.

(2) compressor stalling (such failures more)

Phenomenon: the compressor refrigeration oil is black, upper and lower bearings set off or wear, connecting rod and crankshaft fracture, bearing friction surfaces and crankshaft and connecting rods have the friction surface roughening marks, motor rotor wear marks on the suction valve slice intact.

(3) of the compressor motor burnt

Phenomenon: compressor insulation is 0, the compressor bearing, crankshaft, connecting rod intact.

3 causes

Following the above three categories of failure to carry out a detailed analysis of:

(1) of the compressor suction valve rupture

As can be seen from the symptom, resulting in rupture of the compressor suction valve mainly unit water side system break down, the water into one compressor, forming liquid blow lead valve plate broke.

Water-side system rupture mainly two scenario:

① Whenrun in the refrigeration unit, a river of water, because some users without the flow switch short, units cannot be protected action, water heat exchanger (especially full-hydraulic-type heat exchanger) internal water ice and heat that copper coils, mixed water fluoride, water enters the compressor damage formation fluid hammer.

② in winter, when the user does not use the unit, in accordance with the specifications, the water heat exchanger within the frozen water let or not to freeze measures water heat exchanger internal water ice and heat that copper coils, mixed water fluorine, etc when powering on the unit again, causing water into one compressor. yixun bad

(2) compressor stalling

From such failure phenomena of the anatomy of a compressor, the compressor's internal do not lack of oil, axle stalling due to transient poor lubrication, causing poor lubrication is due mainly to changes in lubrication oil: oil is diluted or the oil level is refrigerant liquid elevation.

A unit back to liquid reasons are:

① in the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle, usually stored in temperature to the lowest part of the condensate. When the machine head time outage due to the compressor heat capacity than condenser, evaporator, reservoir fluids used in heat capacity, compressor as the minimum temperature in the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant. As a refrigerant lubricant can be very good solubility, accumulated in the compressor is solubility in the refrigerant in the lubricant, the phenomenon known as "stripping" phenomenon. Refrigerants "into" content depending on the amount of refrigerant charge, refrigeration cycle structure and length of downtime varies, in saturated, roughly the amount of lubricant filling-in 30-100%. Diluted oil will cause poor lubrication, resulting in the axle.

Furthermore, if the machine stop grasping, head of the time, the oil will depend on the temperature of the compressor closed shell, refrigerant and oil types of different liquid separation occurs, divided into lower as refrigerant liquid (refrigerant, refrigerant and oil mixture little), upper for lubricants (oil, lubricants and refrigerants mixture little) this situation. If in such a State that is started for the compressor to the bearings and other movement components of oil are almost only refrigerant fluid "lubricant", therefore, started after a short period of time, bearing section, connecting rod and will produce card dead and wear.

Compressor does not start before the preheated or warm-up time is insufficient, the crankcase heater power not enough time, will not be able to avoid these situations occur, resulting in damage to the compressor.

② When run in the heating unit, particularly in the larger environment humidity operating, fin-easy add cream, if you defrost is not too perfect, can not be timely defrosting or defrost is not complete, will result in low-voltage low, the compressor caused massive back to liquid, the compressor failure.

(3) motor burnt

As noted above, back to the fluid is embrace axis of the main factors that caused by axle bearing eccentric, causing the motor wear, causing the motor short Burnout phenomenon is real. But for purely motor burned down to whether influential fluids? author believes that the hermetic reciprocating compressor, tube-shaped structure determines its liquid hammer is not sensitive, even if some of the liquid refrigerant into one compressor, generally does not directly cause the valve plate broke, it does not directly result in motor burned.

At the same time, because the whole sealing compressor lubrication most flying with centrifugal, no pressure difference control, so the lack of oil-lubricated compressor can run. At this point, the compressor current rise, until air switch (over-current protector) jump off this process of compressor overload, current is large, motor coil temperature rise have quickly until embedded PTC action. Because the rate of temperature rise of PTC compressor in the full-load or overload condition is very sensitive, and air switch is in the PTC before action, the lack of oil as a direct result of a lack of motor burned by it.

Compressor pure motor burned two because of:

① motor temperature rise too high.

Because the whole sealing compressor motorsIs passed back to the gas to cool, winter thermal heat pump mechanism, working poor, especially compared to the ambient temperature is low, the heat exchanger is minimal, the amount of refrigerant cycle back to the small, low air pressure, coupled with the electronic control on defrost not timely and thorough, and will cause the motor to cool enough, coil heating. Such sustained fever will form a high temperature, and PTC on low load of low current reaction is not sensitive, so start with several compressor, have not reached the higher temperatures is due to overheats insulation damage, the electrical short-circuit burnout.

② refrigeration system is not clean, and contain impurities, impurities corrosion and abrasion motor coils, causing a short circuit burnout.

4 improvement measures

The reason for the above analysis, to make the appropriate improvements:

(1) control on frost control features (i.e. down status, when the ambient temperature is below a certain value, the pump or electrical heating should vote people run to waterproof system freezing), at the same time, the water drainage system should be set on the device, when the machine head time when not in use, you should empty the water in a water exchanger to prevent freezing.

(2) in order to guarantee the normal operation of the unit, flow switch and various protection switch cannot be shorted privately; unit at run time, to observe, often found unit in and out of the water temperature is too large, a timely check on water system: water pump is functioning, water and cleaning water filter.

(3) in thecontrol program to increase the pre-boot guarantee crankcase heater heating compression time conditions, ensure the compressor can fully preheating to prevent damage.

(4) improve the defrost, ensure timely defrosting and defrosting is thorough, improving the reliability of control to prevent incorrect operation or action.

(5) improvement of system design, especially in low-temperature heating conditions, should be reasonable for expansion valves and gas-liquid separator match, or to take additional measures such as high-voltage bypass, to prevent the unit back to the solution of problems.

(6) to improve technology, improve management and enhance the sense of quality to ensure that the refrigeration system internal clean cleaning without water, manufacturing process quality is an important factor in generating quality, many issues must take precautionary measures to avoid major problems.

(7) to enhance user's use, operation and maintenance training.

Weak current College】 【how to calculate the temperature and humidity machine room within the required cooling capacity.

<br> <br> In order to determine the air conditioner's capacity to meet the room temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air speed requirements (hereinafter referred to as 4 degrees). You must first heat load of the computer room. <br> Room .of mainly from two aspects: <br> The first is the internal heat generated in the engine room, it includes: indoor computer and external equipment for heat, the engine room facilities and room equipment of heating value (electric heating, steam, water and .other heating element). The calorific value of sensible heat, latent heat; <br> Lighting fever (sensible heat); <br> Staff of fever (sensible heat small, large latent heat); <br> As a result of evaporation, .condensation heat generated (latent heat). <br> The second is the engine room external heat generated, it includes: <br> Conduction heat. Through building ontologies into heat, such as walls, roofs, dividers and ground heat incoming room (sensible .heat); <br> Radiation heat (also known as radiant heat). Because the sun radiation from Windows directly into the room heat (sensible heat); <br> Convection heat generated. From the Windows and doors, gaps in the heat of .trespass outdoor air (also contains water vapour) the heat generated (sensible heat, latent heat); <br> In order to make indoor staff reduction fatigue and conducive to human health and the introduction of fresh air to the heat (including the sensible heat .and latent heat). <br> In short, the human body gives off heat, thermal gap wind penetrated and ventilation into heat, not only to keep the room temperature rises, so does the Interior moisture content, and therefore requires dehumidification. This part .is called latent heat load, thermal load, and the engine all devices distributed heat only the indoor temperature to rise, the heat load is known as the sensible heat load. And General Hotel, offices, conference rooms, and so represent a large proportion of .latent heat is, computer-controlled machine room, heat load is a sensible heat load. Therefore, for the heat load of different occasions should use different types of air conditioners. Usually sensible heat ratio (SFH) as an important indicator of the air conditioner .. <br> General computing (also known as estimate) <br> In the initial design phase, the computer lab in order to accelerate the capacity of selected air conditioners may use this method, the unit area required cooling capacity to estimate. <br .> Computer room (including PBX room): <br> The floor is high, 250 ~ 300kcal/m2h <br> The lower floor, 150 ~ 250kcal/m2h (according to equipment suitable for density and decrease) <br> Office (wired .): 90kcal/m2h <br> Easy heat load calculation <br> Computer room air conditioning load, mainly from computer equipment, peripherals and engine room equipment of heating value, approximately 80% of total calories, followed by heat conduction of heat, lighting ., radiant heat, etc., the calculation method and a general load calculation the same air conditioned room. The manufacturer of your computer, generally provide device specific calorific value. Electricity consumption under computer calculation of its calorific value. <br> A. calculation .of calorific value of the external device <br> Q = 860N ¢ (kcal / h) <br> Type: N: electricity consumption (kW); DIA: while using the coefficient (0.2 ~ 0.5); 860: power of thermal equivalent ., ie all the lkW power into heat energy generated by heat. <br> B. calculation of calorific value of Q = host 860 × P × h1 × h2 × h3 <br> In the formula, P: total output (kW); .<br> H1: while using the coefficient; <br> H2: utilization coefficient; <br> H3: load work uniform coefficient. <br> The engine room the power of various devices, to the engine room the device's maximum power consumption, .but the power consumption is not wholly converted to heat, so you must use the above three factors to amend, these coefficients and with computer system structure, function, use, work status and electronic components. Take the total factor of General 0.6 ~ 0.8 as .well <br> C. calculation of lighting equipment <br> Room lighting electricity consumption, some becomes light, some becomes hot. Become part of the light due to buildings and equipment, the absorption and become hot. Lighting equipment of thermal load is calculated .as follows: <br> Q = C × Pkcal / h <br> In the formula, P: lighting devices of nominal rated output power (W); <br> C: each output lW calories (kcal / hW), typically from .blazing lights 0.86, fluorescent 1.0. <br> D. human body heat <br> Human body heat is placed through the skin and the respiratory organ, this thermal result contains water vapour, its heat load should be sensible heat and latent heat load. .<br> Human body heat with work issued by the State. Room staff can handle light physical work. When the room temperature is 24 ° c, the sensible heat load is the latent heat load is 56cal 46cal; when the room temperature is 21 ° .c, the sensible heat load is the latent heat load is 65cal 37ca1. In both cases, the total heat load are 102cal. <br> E. envelope of conductive heat <br> Through room roof, walls, dividers, envelope into the engine .room of the conduction of heat is a season, time, geographical location and the Sun's radiation angle and other related content. Therefore, in order to accurately find this volume is a very complex issue. <br> When the indoor and outdoor air temperature remains .a stable state, by plane shapes wall heat incoming room can anxiashijisuan: <br> Q = KF (t1-t2) kcal / h <br> Type, K: building envelope of thermal conductivity (kcal/m2h ° c); <br .> F: enclosure size (m2); <br> T1: room temperature (° c); <br> T2: calculation of outside the room temperature (° c). <br> When the calculation is not in direct contact with outdoor .air in the envelope as dividers, etc, indoor and outdoor temperature difference calculation should be multiplied by the correction factor, its value is typically take 0.4 ~ 0.7. Thermal conductivity materials used are shown in the following table: <br> Materials for thermal conductivity .(kcal/m2h £) material thermal conductivity (kcal/m2h £) <br> Ordinary concrete 1.4 ~ 1.5 gypsum board 0.2 <br> Lightweight concrete 0.5 ~ 0.7 asbestos cement Panel 1 <br> Mortar 1.3 soft fibreboard 0.15 <br> Plaster .0.5 fiberglass 0.03 <br> Brick 1.1 galvanized steel 38 <br> Glass 0.7 aluminum plate 180 <br> Wood 0.1 ~ 0.25 <br> F. from glass penetration of solar radiation <br> When the glass is affected by sunlight, part reflection ., absorption, part is glass left through the glass into the engine room converted into heat. The heat absorbed by the glass to the glass temperature rise, part of which by convection heat into the room has also become a load. <br> Through the .glass into the indoor thermal calculation according to the following type: <br> Q = KFq (kcal / h) <br> Type, K: solar radiation heat penetration coefficient; <br> F: window area (m2); <br> .Q: through the Windows into solar radiation heat intensity (kcal/m2h). <br> Penetration coefficient K value depends on the type of the window, usually take 0.36 ~ 0.4. <br> Q solar radiation intensity with latitude, season, and .time, and the angle with the sun exposure. Specific values refer to the local weather information. <br> G. ventilation and heat load of outdoor intrusion <br> In order to give the computer room staff continually added fresh air, as well as .ventilation to maintain the positive pressure in the engine room, the need to adopt a new outlet of air conditioning equipment to computer room into outdoor fresh air, the fresh air will become the heat load. The gap through the doors, Windows and switch and intrusion .of outside air quantity, degree of Random House's seal, the number of access and outdoor wind speed changes. This kind of heat load is usually very small, if needed, it can be removed for the room rate to determine the heat load. <br .> H. other thermal load <br> In the room, in addition to the thermal load, use the work as is, electric iron, vacuum cleaner, etc. will be the heat load. Since these devices of power consumption generally smaller, can .roughly according to its rated input power and reactive power of the product of thermal equivalent. In addition, the engine uses lots of transmission cable and body heat. It is calculated as follows: <br> Q = 860Pl (kcal / h) <br .> Type, 860: power of thermal equivalent (kca1 / h); <br> P: per metre cable power consumption (W); l: cable length (m). <br> In short, the engine room heat load from the .ah the heat load to determine. <br> <br> <br>.

Weak current College】 【enters the car top and bottom pit safety practice.

<br> <br> 1 main power control <br> <br> 1.1 before entering the car top, first determine whether the work requires the main power, if not, then the main power switch on the power state, and all staff in .the main power switch on the lock and set the "closing" label is prohibited. If the main power switch is not power off the device locked, there are two as temporary control of transmission: <br> <br> A security deposit, removing .the fuse, and all participating staff sets the "prohibition of closing" label: <br> <br> B. .Fuse if not removed, all participating staff must set the main power switch-off "labels" to prohibit, and on the label in addition to signing all participating staff name to sign. <br> <br> 1.2 if main power, by cellular .car completed wells road work, must maintain a car is always run under maintenance status. Any breach of the principle of operation, the request must be in a position to do so, the regional or branch manager of EI / ni, the Organization after the .implementation of the risk assessment. <br> <br> 2 safety steps in and out of the car top <br> <br> 2.1 security access car top action steps: <br> <br> 2.1.1 wells road lighting switch in .Wells road, first open wells road lights; <br> <br> 2.1.2 on its job of elevator car calls to employees is located in the floor; <br> <br> 2.1.3 in the car within selected two adjacent to .this layer down to the floor of the signal cabin run down; <br> <br> 2.1.4 using layer door key to open the layer Layer through open doors door, will stop in the cabin roof and door contacts only from a layer to .a car top maintenance cartridge and facilitates access to car top of suitable location; <br> <br> 2.1.5 If the car is not a result of open-door was forced to stop, or the car is automatically docked the lower station of .the State, require observation car door closing (confirm that no passenger sedan) wait 10 seconds to confirm that there is no movement. To verify this layer door safety circuit is valid; <br> <br> 2.1.6 the emergency stop switch to .the stop position; <br> <br> 2.1.7 close layer door waiting 10 seconds, and then open the layer door, confirm that the car does not move, to verify the validity of the emergency stop switch; <br> <br .> 2.1.8 the car top dial to overhaul and repair switch; <br> <br> 2.1.9 open car top lights; <br> <br> 2.1.10 enters the car top off coating, standing by car top middle position .; <br> <br> 2.1.11 the emergency stop switch back to normal position; <br> <br> 2.1.12 first move downward direction button, then move the uplink direction button action car maintenance, to verify and repair switch, .button's effectiveness; <br> <br> 2.1.13 start well road work. <br> <br> 2.2 security into Miconic-10 elevator car top supplementary action steps <br> <br> 2.2.1 operator need hosts and Assistant, .two persons; <br> <br> 2.2.2 one will lift from the group control, waiting for the elevator complete allocation directives; <br> <br> Note: (Miconic-10Overlay control and GC control in the elevator from the group .control returns the status of different) <br> <br> 2.2.3 a person outside the layer through the intercom notification engine room operations servicing downside, layer door opens the door to confirm that the level of car does not move to verify this layer .door safety circuit is valid; <br> <br> 2.2.4 in layer gate will car top emergency stop switch to the stop position, close the door notification engine room maintenance level down, and then open the layer door, confirm that the car .does not move, to verify the validity of the emergency stop switch; <br> <br> 2.2.5 the next procedures according to the article section 2.1.8 to 2.1.13 requires action. <br> <br> 2.3 security leave .car top steps <br> <br> 2.3.1 the car top stop and exit floor close to the horizontal position, and the emergency stop switch to the stop position <br> <br> 2.3.2 open layer door and leave the door .open layer; <br> <br> 2.3.3 leave car top; <br> <br> 2.3.4 closed car top lights; <br> <br> 2.3.5 will overhaul the switch to the normal position; <br .> <br> 2.3.6 the emergency stop switch is restored to normal position and close the layer; <br> <br> 2.3.7 before leaving the House to verify the elevator runs correctly. <br> <br> 3 safe and .out of the pit operation steps <br> <br> 3.1 security into the pit: <br> <br> 3.1.1 open wells road lighting (if well road switch in Wells road) <br> <br> 3.1.2 will .lift up the bottom; <br> <br> 3.1.3 in cabin in selected two adjacent floor signal; <br> <br> 3.1.4 walked out of the elevator and escalator upward; such as <br> <br> 3.1 ..5 open layer door and watch the car has been trapped layer door open and stop running, and if the car is not a result of open-door was forced to stop, or the car is automatically docked with a layer of station, to observe .the car door is closed (confirm that no passenger sedan) wait 10 seconds to confirm that the car does not move to verify this layer door safety circuit is valid; <br> <br> 3.1.6 maintaining layer door open; <br> .<br> 3.1.7 will pit emergency stop switch to the stop position; <br> <br> 3.1.8 close layer door and wait for 10 seconds; <br> <br> 3.1.9 reopen layer door, confirm that the .car does not move to verify this layer door safety circuit is valid; <br> <br> 3.1.10 open pit lighting (if the switch is set in from the layer door safety touch position); <br> <br> 3.1. .11 entered the pit; <br> <br> 3.1.12 if pit following another emergency stop switch, so hang and then pressing the pit of the emergency stop switch, leaving the pit; <br> BR> 3.1.13 in layer gate .recovery pit above emergency stop switch, turn off the layer door and wait for 10 seconds; <br> <br> 3.1.14 reopen layer door, confirm that the car does not move to verify pit another emergency stop; <br> <br .> 3.1.15 enters pit and keep the layers between left door 80-100 mm slot and locked. To keep the disconnect lock loop while preventing outsiders entered. <br> <br> 3.2 security into Miconic-10 elevator pit steps: <br .> <br> Operators need to chair and Assistant, made up of two people; <br> <br> 3.2.1 open wells road lighting (if switch in Wells road); <br> <br> 3.2.2 in car top .personnel lift maintenance up to 2-3 position, open the bottom door staff and notifies the underlying layer door car top overhaul uplink, confirm that the car does not move to verify this layer door safety circuit is valid; <br> <br> 3.2 ..3 in layer gate press pit emergency stop switch, close the door, the notification level jiaoding overhaul uplink, confirm that the car does not move to verify pit the validity of the emergency stop; <br> <br> 3.2.4 open pit .lighting (if the switch is set in the layer door safety touch position); <br> <br> 3.2.5 If pit following another emergency stop switch, so hang and then pressing the pit following emergency stop switch, leaving the pit; < .br> <br> 3.2.6 in the layer gate recovery pit above emergency stop switch, turn off the layer door and notify the car top overhaul uplink, confirm that the car does not move to verify pit another emergency stop; <br> < .br> 3.2.7 enter the pit and maintain Office door between 80-100 mm slot and locked to keep disconnect lock loop while preventing outsiders entered. <br> <br> 3.3 security steps away from the pit; <br> <br> .3.3.1 open layer door and leave the door open layer; <br> <br> 3.3.2 carefully left the pit and take away all of the tools and equipment; <br> <br> 3.3.3 close pit lighting switch ( .if the switch is set in the first layer of security from the touch location) <br> <br> 3.3.4 is kept in a safe location, and end the pit emergency stop switch back to normal; <br> <br> 3.3 ..5 close layer; <br> <br> 3.3.6 in the left front of the building to ensure that the lift is operating normally; <br> <br> 3.3.7 if wells road lighting switch in Wells road, turn it .off. <br> <br> Note: when entering or leaving the pit, you must always ensure that pit emergency stop switch to the elevator stopped state. <br> <br> 4. pit ladder <br> <br> Bottom door .to 4.1 letter-what is greater than the pit bottom surface distance 1 m shall use the ladder into the pit. <br> <br> 4.2 use ladder requirements; <br> <br> 4.2.1 check ladder are secure, and the .door from the bottom layer is easy to reach. If there is not enough space, you can also use a portable ladder. <br> <br> 4.2.2 entrants body weight at the Office level easily climb the ladder. <br> < .br> 4.2.3 Note ladder space for cascade, pedal does not slip. <br> <br> Such as the use of portable ladders, you should give it proper arrangements makes use without skid <br> <br>.

Weak current College】 【how to pick the radiator; buy heatsink there 6 mistakes.

Myth 1: copper radiator (or aluminum radiator) no corrosion

In General, copper than steel corrosion resistance is better, but in certain circumstances, copper radiator has corrosion, for example, the system if the sulphur content of sludge, excessive, or selection of copper surface accompanied by carbonization can cause corrosion of copper radiator. In addition, because the material corrosion principles, although aluminum radiator corrosion and oxidation resistance ability strong, but vulnerable alkali corrosion and corrosion of chloride ions, so when a heating system water is alkaline (PH values higher than 8), or high chloride content (salinity), radiator corrosion leakage vulnerability exists.

Myth 2: heating water leakage is heatsink problem

During the heating season, there are several radiator leak accident was media exposure, this also caused the Chinese construction metal structure Association heating radiator Committee attaches great importance to and actively make a response: the Association's ethics, Golden Tiger, Florence, Ritter cell and other brand owners of enterprises of the heatsink on the life of the "heat sink and system problems", and find out some of the heat sink leaking "disease". The experts believe, heating water complex or radiator mixed loading problems, installation issues that may cause heating radiator heat leakage or not. Furthermore, in non-heating radiator heating season, should be maintained, otherwise the water will easily buried under threat. "In non-heating season the heating system of water emptying, leading steel radiators, boilers, water pumps and valves for corrosive rapidly, can also lead to the heat sink temperature control valve, the hot sheet, etc. "An expert in this analysis.

Myth 3: product thickness (or no welds or smooth inner wall) is not afraid of corrosion

Cast iron radiator corrosion damage, not because the iron itself antioxidant corrosion performance is good, but not because of the wall thickness. In recent years, some small manufacturers seek to increase the thickness to resolve steel radiator corrosion problems, this is wrong. Because steel radiator corrosion are localized corrosion holes, not even corrosion. If according to their theory, if 1.3mm plate 3-year corrosion perforation, then surely the plate 2.0mm will corrosion perforation within five years, the same is far from satisfying users ' requirements for radiator life.

In addition, there are some of the heat sink on the market, manufacturers in the publicity of its radiator products "no welds, cavity clean smooth" and so on. In fact, this is the radiator corrosion-resistant and does not play a role. Because steel radiator corrosion does not occur in welds, this is due to corrosion of steel radiator is oxygen corrosion, so "no welds or cavities smooth does not mean that there would be no corrosion".

Myth 4: internal corrosion protection coating is equal to

In radiator market, sales statements will be called "antiseptic". In fact, far domestic radiator market common corrosion protection coating inside are two types: "organic coating" and "inorganic coating". In General, inorganic coating cost higher than organic coating process more complex technological requirements are more stringent, antiseptic effect or in the organic coating. Of course the market there are two kinds of technology are combined in one, such as Beijing de production of Sen de unlimited second-generation anticorrosion products, inorganic layers of coupled with a layer of organic layer, double layer, multiple protection, safer.

Myth 5: product more fancy weird Vietnam with decorative

Styling unique heatsink although increased decorative, satisfying people's individual requirements, but too much fancy weird and not beautiful. For example, the market flooded with "vase" "Violin", "Moon" form of the heat sink, even crudely, in the bedroom also difficult and other furniture harmonious mix, there are numerous and excessive bending of pipes will obviously influence its thermal dissipation.

Myth 6: where to buy brand-name products are the same

Consumers purchase heating and accessories at the best selection of powerful corporations, brand-name products, purchased should be chosen in a large building materials supermarket and formal brand stores. Not just for the sake of cheap, easy, convenient or figure in the community, street shop or buy private hands. According to multiple manufacturers reflects data show that in the community in temporary point-of-sale purchase radiator is the easiest problem: consumer home of radiator, reflect to manufacturers, manufacturers have found radiator brands is counterfeit or illegal distribution channels to market goods.

Weak current College】 【household central air conditioning and the distinction between commercial central air conditioning.

<br> <br> Household central air conditioning <br> <br> Compared to commercial central air conditioning, home users-central air-conditioning with our citizens more closely. Roughly divided, there are residential central air conditioning, indoor and outdoor air .blower plate Tube, pipe three parts. And ordinary split-type air-conditioning, we will run a separate count as part of this is because residential central air conditioning and separate machines, the need to advance in decoration cloth good pipeline. Once the repair .is complete, the pipeline is completely hidden in the decoration. So, you see many users with central air conditioning clean and tidy, decorated wall in no way be damaged, in fact people as early as decoration before calculation. <br> <br> .In addition to the installation order of prior considerations, use household central air-conditioning, you also have to advance in touch with the air conditioning manufacturers. With split air conditioning, you can according to area of let sales people recommend a air conditioning. The .design of domestic central air conditioner is installed all over, including the overall cooling capacity, each room of the outlet location, out of the air volume will have specialized staff for your design. This is why household air-conditioning use than ordinary split-type .air conditioner is more effective. <br> <br> The current residential central air conditioning in the enterprise: foreign Kalee, York, Tring, McQuay, Daikin, Panasonic, Fujitsu, domestic gree, Haier, beautiful, Tsinghua tongfang are more superior. .Including Haier in this month's 7, has launched the latest fifth-generation family of central air conditioning (KVR), its indoor air blower plate Tube has reached 70 × 70cm level than other brands in the indoor part more advantages. <br> <br .> Commercial central air conditioning <br> <br> The structure of the commercial central air conditioning and big residential central air conditioning phase structure of fact. But the reason why areas into commercial home use, mainly due to the power gap formation of refrigeration is .not the same as the form. Household central air conditioner with integrated piston compressors, screw compressors, etc. mainly, while large commercial central air conditioners primarily to split large centrifugal compressors and screw compressors. In addition, the air conditioning system control, automatic control .of the pipeline, air dehumidifier, humidifier, health treatment and other than household air-conditioning much more complex, but also involves individual billing issues. <br> <br> Speaking of which you may not see any longer, since with conditioner million miles .apart, why say that commercial air-conditioner? saying: kill poleaxe? Yes, but killed ox absolutely not chicken. Commercial central air conditioning air-conditioning Enterprise overall strength is the embodiment of good, commercial, home use, of course, no problem .. <br> <br> However, in commercial central air conditioning, especially the centrifugal compressor, our enterprise has been in a passive situation, central air conditioning has been set aside by the United States, York anything Kalee, Tring, McQuay monopoly, .monopoly share as high as 95 percent. Monopoly mainly compressor technology. But this issue has changed this year, gree air conditioning in August of this year launched the first pure homemade centrifugal compressors, to date, the product has been developed for horse number from 1000 .-9000 of aspirin, compressor series. It is understood that the gree's launch of the domestic compressors in technical problems, and after only 8 months, products rotate speed reached more than 6000 per minute. <br> <br> From the series compressor driven .gree new ultra-low temperature more with central air-conditioning, a breakthrough in the work of minus 25 degrees centigrade. Prior to this, the central air conditioner on the market mainly to minus 15 ° c the working standards. Air conditioning in the use .of low-temperature environment, heating capacity depending on the product is subject to decay. According to statistics, internationally recognized as the best heating performance of the central air-conditioning, minus 15 degrees centigrade temperatures, its heating only reted 64 per cent, and .gree ultra-low temperature multi air conditioning at minus 15 ° c, the heating is reted 71%; if contrast normal central air-conditioning, gree ultra-low temperature more with central air conditioning heating effect at least 30 per cent. <br> .<br> Northern winter heating has to coal, natural gas and electric heating, air conditioning, for consisting mainly of use in the northern region is always present "hibernating", because when the outdoor air temperature of up to minus 5 to 10 ° c ., current market household air-conditioning and central heating for air conditioning, it will decay 30 to 40 per cent; and reached minus 15 ¡ .æ, its heating has a 50 per cent, the attenuation of the heating function is not in working condition, the effect is not even-heating and electric heating. <br> <br> <br>.

【 Weak current College 】 chillers mainly parts maintenance

1. maintenance of the chiller compressors
(1) Visual inspection of the compressor
Checking method: Visual
Check criteria: check chiller compressors and export valve connection reliability, and whether there is a leak; testing should be aware of the compressor running voice to determine whether there is an exception.

(2) the voltage and current measurement
Measure tool: clip-on ammeter
With clip-on ammeter working voltage, current. When running the current measuring cables should be in the Centre of the measuring loop metrics: 380V running voltage range (± 10%), and run-current should not be greater than the motor nameplate of rated input current.

(3) measurement of insulation resistance
Measure tool: megohmmeter
Measurement method: power off the unit, with three megohmmeter detection compressor relatively resistance meets the standards. If the machine head of time is not enabled, you should first be set in the crankcase electric heating cycle
Still, oil heating unit, the unit oil cavity of freon evaporation, improve the accuracy of the measurement of resistance.
Measurements Note: no measurement under the vacuum State, prevent the insulating layer of insulation breakdown caused by the accident.
Measurement standards: compressor motor insulation standards for not less than 500 MB, the actual measurement value should be greater than 100 megohm is qualified, under the hot and cold insulation value is greater than 8 megohm is allowed to run.

(4) the method for the determination of the oil products:
Available from the chiller unit to extract the oil in a small frozen into the container, take a drop into acid reagent bottle observation of acidity, with a contrast ratio of color card. Consistent with a controlled than color card colors should not be replaced refrigeration oil.
Extract from the unit in a little frozen oil into the container, to minimize the exposure time in the air, and then use the PH test strip discriminant oil acidity. Comply with the requirements of oleic acid degree does not need to be replaced refrigeration oil, used oil blotting paper checks of impurity, carbon emission, or other impurities and should be replaced refrigeration oil.

2. maintenance of condenser
Maintenance tool: pipeline cleaning machine or chemical cleaning agents.
Maintenance: water cooled condenser with shell and tube water-cooled condenser, condenser cleaning and maintenance work
As very important, good cooling water quality should be maintained, cooling water chemical treatment should be conducted on a regular basis to ensure heat transfer tubes not scaling, maintenance can be divided into mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning (refer to chemical cleaning procedures).
Mechanical cleaning methods:

1. shut down the cooling water and export the valve
2. detach the condenser and rear end cover
3. clean the condenser end cover, water Chamber cavity scaling and corrosion
4. pipe cleaner cleaning heat pipe
5. after washing with water, until you reach the standard, and then put the end cover
Maintenance standards: maintenance after water room, the overall heat transfer tubes visually clean, no apparent scaling wall

Notes: 1. what methods of cleaning, according to the condenser tube forms to identify and prevent damage to the Inner ribbed tube
2. uniform chemical cleaning must
3. the concentration of detergent and cleaning time to follow the manufacturer instructions for
4. rinse time must be clean, completely, without residue

3. maintenance of the evaporator
(1) check the frozen water and evaporator scaling, do a good sewage water exchanger
(2) detection of water side and refrigerant temperature difference between
(3) maintenance should open the evaporator bottom of sewage valve will impurities, sludge discharge. If necessary, remove the sewage valve, to increase the outfall
(4) in particular it should be noted that during the winter does not use water to prevent freezing damage caused evaporator
(5) to prevent dropping out of the sensor shall lead to induction of temperature is the temperature of the air instead of evaporator temperature, resulting in frequent low temperature alarm
(6) maintenance work can reference when sewage, the following steps:
1. run the water pumps in 10 minutes
2. in a outlet check water quality
3. According to the color of water, suspended solids, rust, etc., we recommend that users use mechanical cleaning or chemical cleaning
4. after cleaning, sewage valve open to most, sewage
5. row of net again pouring water, running for 30 minutes and then view a water, if necessary, then the job once

4. Unit piping and fittings maintenance
4.1 expansion valve of checking
Testing tools: surface contact thermometer
Checking method: check the expansion valve Junction has no traces according to overheat, compressor unit back to the gas side condensation level determines the unit run time expansion valve opening is appropriate, check that the sensor is loose, bundled with position sensor of the capillary is no wear and tear. On balance pipe connection nut, bolt do antirust protection valve.
4.2 as liquid mirror checks and drying filter replacement
Check tool: surface contact thermometer
Checking method: Visual inspection as liquid mirror display cases in the test strip judge system refrigerant of humidity, confirm the need to replace dry filter, surface contact thermometers for measuring the temperature difference is lower than before and after the filter, that filter clean 0.5 ℃.
Drying filter replacement method:
1. first close the high-pressure fluid, moving units exported angle valve and pumping systems for low-voltage side of the refrigerant (non-vacuum suction), and then locking unit
2. detection of drying filter pressure is lower than the adjacent 2.0kg/c © o, if you add refrigerant pipes to the parts of the emissions of gaseous refrigerant
3. diagonal release of drying filter end cap screws (release note difference before to prevent temperature difference of water into the system), emptying refrigerant then quickly change the old filter, clean and dry the filter cylinder internal, get a new filter, add a small cylinder of port sealed refrigeration oil.
4. vacuum supplement a little refrigerant, open front closed valve
Maintenance standards: sight glass indicates in a dry area is less than the difference before and after the dryer 0.5℃
4.3 electrical components maintenance
Testing tools: Multimeters and selection of ampere meter
Maintenance method:

1. check and fastening electric line terminal, check the contactor contacts of burning conditions
2. the contact points with canvas and grinding to remove oxide, if severe, it is recommended that you replace the burns
3. check if the solenoid valve, such as 4-way reversing valve, solenoid valve, the unit loading and unloading of solenoid valve, solenoid valve for spraying liquid, electric heating and other actions properly, or to replace or repair.
Maintenance standards: contact clean, no Burns oxides, Sync contact, non-ripple noise.
4.4 check all safety devices
Maintenance methods: inspection and testing of all security devices (thermal protector, flow switch, pressure switches, and other protection devices), check the tuning parameters
Maintenance standards: thermal protection with good retention, wiring intact, flow switch, open and close motion normal, high and low voltage switch action in 24.5 ± 0.5Bar.

【 Weak current College 】 elevator electrical failure lookup method

When the elevator control circuit failure, the first question to ask, see, hear, smell, be aware of. The so-called asked, is asking the actor or report the failure of failure occurs, the query failure before doing any adjustment or replacement components; the so-called, is the observation of each part is working properly, take control of various signal indicates that the elevator is correct, see electrical components appearance color is changed. "Listen, listen circuit work when abnormal sound; sounds that smell that smell circuit elements whether there are abnormal odour. Upon completion of the work, you can use the following methods to find electrical control circuit failure.

1, the program checks the method

Elevator is a program to run every time you run all through the selected layer, directional, closed, start, run, change speed, leveling, opening the door of the cycle, where each step is called a working link for each work session, there is a corresponding control circuit. Program inspection method is to confirm that the failure of specific control links appearing on which, in the direction of the troubleshooting change clear, targeted is very important for troubleshooting. This method applies not only to have contact with electrical control devices, also applies to the contactless control system, such as the PC control system or microprocessor control system.

2. static resistance measurement method

Static resistance method variable is in power, multimeter resistance measurement circuit resistance stalls are normal, because any one of the electronic components are a PN structure, its forward and backward resistance values are different, no electrical components also have a certain resistance, connected to the electrical components of the line or switch, resistor value not equal to zero is infinity, measuring their resistance value size compliance requirements can judge. Check an electronic circuits are available with and without fault, but this method is more secure.

3. potential measurement method

The above method failed parts cannot be determined, in each case measuring power electronic or electrical components devices at both ends of the potential, because under normal working conditions, current-loop circuit points potential is considerable, the so-called points potential refers to various points on the circuit components on the potentials of different, but have a certain size requirements, current flows from the high potential, low-voltage current direction measurement of electronic and electrical components on the potential size should be consistent with the law, through the multimeter measurement control circuit for points of potential compliance values, you can determine where the point of failure, and then determine what caused the current value of the change, is the power supply is not correct, or the circuit-breakers, or component is damaged.

4 short circuit method

Control-link circuit by a switch or a relay, contactor contacts a combination. When you suspect that some contact is at fault, it is possible to use wire to the contact shorted, power to prove fault disappears, the judgement, the electrical components is bad. But remember, as a test after the point of failure should be removed immediately after short wiring, wiring with short is not permitted in place of the switch or contact. Short-circuit method is mainly used to find the electric circuit of breakpoint logical relationships, of course, sometimes the measurement circuit faults can also use this method.

5. circuit breaker method

Control circuit also may be some special failure, such as the elevator does not have internal or external call indicates when it stops, etc. This shows that some contact is in circuit shorted, find such a failure is the best way is the circuit breaker method, it is suspected that the contact points generated fault, if fault breaks away, explains the correct judgment, circuit breaker method is used primarily for "and" logical relationship point of failure.

6. substitution method

In the light of the above methods, found fault for a point or a block circuit board, you can take that component or circuit board removed, use new or confirm no failure of a component or circuit board in place, if the failure is considered to determine the right away. Instead you need to continue to find, often maintenance personnel on the vulnerability of the components or important electronic boards are available in spare parts, once there is a failure immediately put on a piece that solves the problem, faulty parts back then slowly find repair, it is also a quick troubleshooting method.

7. experience of elimination

In order to be able to achieve rapid troubleshooting, in addition to constantly sum up their own practical experiences, to learn the experience of others. Elevator malfunction formation there is a certain law, experience with sweat and lessons of, we should pay more attention to these experience allows us to quickly troubleshoot and reduce accidents and losses. Of course, strictly speaking it should eliminate the elevator accident, this is our application maintenance personnel. Learning with our maintenance and troubleshooting experience, you can increase the lift installation maintenance staff skill levels, improve the quality of service elevator industry and credibility.

8. electrical system troubleshooting basic ideas

Electrical control system sometimes fault is more complex, there are currently in the elevator with many uses computer-controlled, cross-hardware and software together, experiencing trouble first thoughts don't be nervous, troubleshooting difficult ones later, when adhering to the first-in, after consideration, an association.

Elevator in more failure is caused by poor contact switch contact, so judgment fails should be based on the fault and the led display control cabinet, the first external lines, power part inspection, first check the door contact, safety circuits, AC-DC power supplies, etc., as long as you are familiar with the circuit, this allows you to solve very quickly.

Some faults are not as relay line so simple and intuitive, the protection of many PC elevator is implicit in its software, hardware, system, its failures and reason as results and conditions is strictly correspond to find fault in an orderly manner on their relationship with Lenovo and forecast, to exclude questions one by one until the fault completely ruled out.

【 Weak current College 】 solar thermal engineering components and principles – Power By 【 China power house network 】

Solar central heating system is made up of collectors, thermal water, control system, automatic water control box, circulation pump, pipe fittings and other organic combination of heat supply system. It is made up of collectors absorb solar radiation into heat, cold water into hot water; water by automatic control box automatically on the water, and by adjusting the control system achieves: temperature cycle — improve the thermal efficiency; pipeline cycle set — open the faucet that is out of hot water; timing fixed temperature electric heating measures — constant hot water supply; water supply; 24 hour temperature (≤ 0 constant pressure water supply. 6Mpa); antifreeze device — winter as usual. The entire system automatically run, using a secure, easy to maintain. Composite structure, according to the consumption of water, the installation site, the user needs for flexible permutations and combinations. Electrical insulation tank is equipped with a heating device, according to user needs and actual condition, electrical heating power can increase or decrease as appropriate to meet the wet weather and winter with the hot water requirements, achieve photoelectric complementary, microcomputer intelligent control, ensure 24 x 7 x 365 supply plenty of hot water. Solar energy engineering knowledge product selection: as engineering products, not only on product quality have higher requirements, while in the product design or to comply with engineering product requirements. You cannot use the generic product in engineering design, because the market retail products for family use, if the design used in project failure rate is high, the thermal efficiency is low, the design intent. Piping design: design engineering joins the tubing is of particular importance, if the system piping design not prone to water resistance is too big, small, hot water production, supply, sometimes there may be problems such as hot water circuit. Severely affected the normal operation of the system, the pipeline design as possible requires water balance, pipe diameter requirements and system design to match the calculation pipeline reasonable traffic. Secondary energy: solar collector is relying on rain-fed, if encountered rain fog snow weather solar illumination is insufficient, the collector could not get enough energy, solar energy project does not meet the requirements of normal water, then second energy as secondary. Select engineering General solar electric heating, electric boiler, gas boilers, boiler and auxiliary energy devices, device model selection taking into account the maximum rain fog and snow, the hot water demand will avoid affecting normal hot water requirements while achieving economic rationality of the investment. Control system: electric control is an important part of the solar project, it can implement hot water project of intelligent control, such as: automatic water, water full stop, the temperature of the water level display, automatic or scheduled timing electric heating, water and pipeline cycle and the supercharger, etc. Control system selection are particularly important because electric has some instability, high failure rate, need special maintenance. Control system requires formal manufacturers for production, this is a system of quality assurance. Reduce system failure rate, improve the overall performance of the solar project. Water system: solar projects to provide a constant hot water, this would need to have enough water. Generally use the float box as water tools, floating ball box can play a role on the current-limiting solar projects water stable, safe and reliable. In the Northern cold season, you need to make to the float tank insulation necessary increase in internal, guarantee electrical heating in cold water to replenish, does not affect the normal system operation. Solar energy engineering FAQ before you understand, design problems: 1, unit of building conditions: building collector area size, shape,building height and position of allowing tanks (roof, floor, the basement, etc.) are not the same without the same. 2. user requirements: the total amount of daily water use; the user is a daily scheduled once used or ready for use; water temperature; water use; practical use: the bath water, pool heating, pool heating, environment (cultivation or farmed greenhouse) heating. COM 3, geographic location and conditions: according to the user's geographic latitude and winter minimum ambient temperature conditions, four seasons sunshine, Chaoyang direction for Eclipse, analysis of installation conditions. 4. user auxiliary energy conditions: determine the (electric heater, electric boiler, oil, gas boilers, water, land or air-source heat pump, etc.) a program or a combination of the two above. 5 user units of water pressure and voltage: understanding user units of water pressure and voltage and supply. Second, the common design 1, household solar water heater series-parallel programmes. When the user requests are not very high in the case of the more common, suitable for the user conditions relatively simple environment. The installation number then the load is too heavy, for buildings of any adverse impact. Design note on launching the diameter of the charge of road and series-parallel relationship, avoid water supply and water consumption have contradictions. 2. natural circulation design. In the small tonnage is also very widespread in water consumption, water consumption is not suitable for large tonnage. This approach is quite simple, have certain requirements, water tanks and solar collectors, water tanks on the height of the frame you want to calculate the loads and windproof, consistent with the steel structure design code, regardless of what mode of solar collector, the number of series-parallel requires reasonable, consistent with the solar hot water system design, installation and engineering acceptance specification. 3. constant temperature water design. By collectors and tank temperature difference between the control into the cold water will reach the temperature of hot water into the tank top, water tank of hot water with the temperature cycle to continue after the adoption of increased temperature, which is a lot of solar companies currently use. This way when the sunlight conditions generally do not have problems, poor conditions in the sunshine, you should note in this scenario, the timely fill water tank should have a certain amount of water to prevent ganshao electric heater. When the water temperature of the water tank below the set temperature, the required secondary energy equipment in a timely manner, ensuring the user's normal use. In addition, in the design according to user requirements, respectively set either daily scheduled heating method and constant temperature heating mode at any time. In the North have low anti-freeze protection. 4. temperature cycle design. Through the controller settings, make a tank filled with water, the highest level, the use of solar collectors and tank temperature, controlled circulation pump work, unceasingly toL water tank, water temperature in, this is a very practical difference in cycle programmes. Design according to the different uses of water use and water temperature. Daily scheduled on the water, when the minimum water level, automatic water at any time, and ensure a certain amount of water in the tank. According to user requirements, the auxiliary energy equipment can take one or two above. Design according to the needs of users, you can set a daily scheduled heating or fixed temperature heating mode at any time. Requirements in the north low anti-freeze protection.
Third, the controller features and system design: 1, tank temperature display: you can watch the water temperature in the tank, this is the user use frequently need to know about solar system work of important data collector temperature display: you can always watch collectors in the main,this is the system debugging needs to know about solar system work in one of the important factors. 3. water level status display: display with five-level water level, water level status at a glance. This is also a frequent user of important data. 4, regular heating time: set the heating time every day, the controller in reset time under water temperature determine the need to automatically start the heating function. 5. set the heating temperature: setting the scope of the applicable to different user requirements, bath temperature is generally 30 ℃-75 ¡æ is appropriate, in accordance with the requirements set for other purposes, you can set a maximum 99 ℃. 6. set the heating mode: uses regular heating or constant heating. Regular heating is in the set time, daily heating to set the temperature; temperature heating is in the water temperature is lower than the set temperature on certain values and heating of water at any time, to set the temperature when you stop the heating. 7. set the time setting on the water every day on the water time controller in reset time makes the water level to automatically start the Sheung Shui to the highest level only, using solenoid valve or pump can be determined. 8, low water level automatic water: when the water level drops to lowest level, the controller should unconditionally automatic water, ensuring water tank there is plenty of water. 9, water temperature control: the water tank of water temperature according to the purpose to set, bath temperature, greenhouse heating temperature, material drying temperature different needs, the set temperature. Winterizing 10, System: in addition to note the thickness of the insulation material, you can use pipeline emptying method; you can also use the system-wide recycling method or both heating cable protection, when the system temperature reaches the temperature range, you can use the various methods for systematic antifreeze protection. 11, remote monitoring: there are some users need in a location other than the control room needs to understand the solar system is working properly, when the controller work will detect a failure. 12, use hot water temperature cycle: with the use of hot water circulation function, you can make the hot water circulation line always remains with the storage water tank temperature close or identical to the user in any faucet is opened, the hot water to make the user's ease of use with hot water. 13, increase the heating function: according to the set temperature in heating met South and the north part of the heating requirements, production activities (vegetables, flowers, greenhouse) part of the warming and drying room, part of the General energy savings. 14, electrical control cabinet: control cabinet incircuit total controller and tap controller, note the use of power matching of fuses, circuit breakers, earth leakage protection device, relays and AC contactor, when a short circuit or power supply equipment, the total leakage phenomenon and the road divided the controller controller promptly cut off circuit, identify the cause of the failure before recovery. Temperature controllers and electrical control should be installed correctly, you must connect the protective earth. 15. installation forms: according to environmental criteria, you can use a variety of angles, with forced circulation patterns can be from 0 degrees to 90 degrees any installation run. 16, energy storage insulation water tank: appropriate SMC glass assembled insulation tanks or stainless steel modular water tank. The second tank features: clean sanitation, never rusts, in accordance with hygienic standards, light weight, structure reasonable, on-site assembly sites demand is low. Tank design life are in 30 years. External tank with high-performance materials for insulation and protection. 17, lightning protection measures: solar system bodies for metal structures, steel structures and building original lightning system connection, you can effectively prevent lightning strikes. 18, windproof: solar system of steel angle brackets with Slipknot or welding together, collector supports use of angle steel and roof connection or a connection to a fixed location should be consistent with the steel structure design code, to wind effects.