Weak current College】 【solar and architecture combined with the technical progress and project case.

First, the type of solar energy technology

From the application type, solar technology can be divided into three types:

First solar power, it includes solar photovoltaic and solar thermal power.

Solar photovoltaic power generation technology maturity, whether off-grid PV power system or grid photovoltaic power generation system has a larger application and practice. Last century 90 's, the photovoltaic power generation system, in particular the roof photovoltaic power generation system and run successfully, making it the decentralized power generation system for a good choice, European Union, the United States, Japan and other countries have developed a series of plans and programmes, and issued the appropriate incentive policies for PV technology promotion and application. Roof PV grid-connected mode abroad has been recognized in the electricity sector, it is expected that 50 years later, only the roof energy alone can provide the world 1/4 power. Currently, the application of the main obstacles is the high cost of power generation.

Solar thermal power generation technology is currently in the commercialization, the eve of the world existing solar thermal power generation systems generally have three classes: trough line-focus system, Tower system and disc system. In the last 20 years, the United States, Spain, Australia and other countries have conducted a demonstration activities, the United States, the EU has also developed a "solar thermal power plan" to promote the commercialization process. It is expected that by 2020, the solar thermal power generation will be developed to achieve commercialization, and gradually extended to developing countries.

Second, the solar thermal technology.

In China, Greece, Israel, and other countries, a major supplier of solar hot water system and bath and hot water, living in Europe, Australia and other countries of the solar heating system is mainly used as auxiliary heat source and conventional energy systems combined in the living and bath and hot water supply, for building heating. Our solar water heating system market has been fully commercialized, while other countries in the development of solar hot water system still rely on Government subsidies and incentives that have not yet achieved commercial operation.


The third is the solar air conditioning technology.

World countries are stepping up research on solar air conditioning technology, and entered the practical demonstration phase. As already achieved commercialization are large LIBR absorption chiller, currently only practical for large central air conditioning. We currently have in developing this technology research and pilot work.

II. application of solar energy technology in China

At present, China's more mature, there are two solar products, solar photovoltaic systems and solar hot water system.

1, solar photovoltaic power generation system

Since the 1990s, China's domestic market demand for photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic cell sales year growth rate of 30%. By the end of 2003, the photovoltaic cells accumulated total volume of approximately 50 MW. PV applications for the communication and industrial applications (36%), rural and remote areas of the application (51%), solar energy products (9%) and PV system (4%). On-grid photovoltaic power generation is entering the power scale PV applications inevitable result, also the future biggest photovoltaic market. Our grid-connected power system has just started, used for communications, industrial, rural and remote areas of off-grid PV power system remains China's mainstream PV application, and network system in the future there will be a great development. According to experts ' estimates, 2010 China and PV installation account for PV market of 20% in 2020 and 2050 will be increased to 60% and 80%.

Photovoltaic roof system is to use an existing building's roof area, installation of photovoltaic power generation system, its size, generally within a few kW to several megawatts. Roof PV grid-connected world, most likely to achieve the commercial development of photovoltaic power generation technology.

2. solar water heating system

Our solar water heating system's development began in the 1980s, the then market positioning is rural or small and medium-sized towns of low income families. After 20 years of effort, solar water heating system has formed series, scale production to become the world's largest solar water heater manufacturing and application state. At the end of 2003, the country has a certain scale of solar water heater manufacturing plant has more than 1000, the annual output of up to 12 million square meters, the total output of up to $ 11 billion. Solar water heater population reached 50 million square meters, more than 30 million households across the country provides an adequate supply of hot water. Solar water heater products accounted for water heater products market of 12 per cent, has formed and electric water heater and gas water heater tripod. Especially in rural areas and small towns, solar water heater has been improving people's quality of life, well-off of important technical means.

In order to meet user needs and requirements of the urban landscape, solar water heater to the practical, artistic and architectural integration direction. And architecture integration and has become a solar water heater industry development goals and direction.

Third, the combination of solar and architecture

Grid-connected roof photovoltaic power generation system and integrated with building solar water heating systems have in common is their solar collecting parts, PV systems of solar panels and solar hot water system, solar collectors, can be installed on the roof, you will need to reserve in the roof, as well as circuit and the installation location of the access to the pipeline, it is necessary to pay attention to the battery plate and collector installation on architectural features and landscapes, as well as the influence of the urban landscape. By contrast, solar hot water system and architecture combined with the difficulty to larger, mainly because of the inlet and outlet and the combination of the roof is more difficult to handle.

Solar system and architecture combined with the need to achieve synchronous design, construction, construction synchronization synchronization. The combination of at least four requirements: 1) in appearance, rational placing of photovoltaic cells and solar collectors, whether in the roof or facade walls, you should implement bothCoordination and harmonization; 2) in the structure, in order to properly resolve the photovoltaic panels and solar collector installation problems, ensure that the building load-bearing and waterproof function is not affected, but also take full account of the photovoltaic panels and solar collectors to resist the strong winds, heavy snow, hail, etc.; 3) in the pipeline layout, to building in the middle of the year prior to stay out all lines of vents, reasonable arrangement of the solar cycle pipe as well as hot and cold water supply line, minimize the amount of power in the pipeline and the heat losses; 4) run in the system, called the system reliable, stable, secure, easy to install, repair, maintenance, reasonable solution solar and auxiliary energy matches as well as with the public power network and network issues, possible system of intelligent automatic control.

Solar and architecture combined with the advantages and benefits include: 1) solar technology and architecture integration can effectively reduce energy consumption, thus effectively reducing the share of total energy consumption 30 per cent of energy consumption; 2) solar and architecture combined with the battery plate and heat collector installed on roofs or roof, requires no additional floor, saving the land resources; 3) integration of solar energy and building, an in-place installation, on-site power generation Internet and supply of hot water, no additional set up transmission line and hot water pipes, reducing dependence on municipal equipment, but also reduces the pressure on the municipal construction; 4) solar products no noise, no emissions, do not consume any fuel, the public easy to accept.