【 Weak current College 】 water source heat pump water to 100% will be stuffed with disaster---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Introduction of heat pump technology in HVAC components of heat pump heating not only avoids the "high energy — heating — waste" unilateral traditional heating and skip to the end of the "process control" is the second model, go directly to the "renewable energy + high energy — heating — waste and renewable energy" part of the energy cycle use closed-loop circulation processes in the third mode. Therefore, in recent years, the heat pump for heating (cold) in a wide application in China [1]. However, throughout the world the development trend of the heat pump, we clearly see that the countries of the world in the development of heat pump has repeatedly appeared in the deadly heat pump, heat pump market decline. We should be very good to learn from countries developing heat pump of experiences and lessons learned in order to avoid in future the rapid development of China's heat pump in similar development stagnation. To this end, writing this article, to give scientific good warning — groundwater heat pump if not 100% recharge groundwater will be the future generations of disaster. The reason is very simple, namely: · groundwater resource shortage; · groundwater phenomenon in China, has caused some problems, geological hazards; · now solved, domestic run of the recharge groundwater heat pump system is still has many problems, do not cause great concern about the sector; · domestic authorities and owners of ground water-source heat pump system recharge the lack of effective management and monitoring. 1 China's underground water resources and water shortage global groundwater 0.237 × 108km3, only global water total 1.71% salt water, which is 0.1287 × 108km3, freshwater 0.1083 × 108km3 [2]. But our country underground fresh water reserves for 694km3 [3], the world's freshwater resources, 0.6/10000 visible amount of poor groundwater. At the same time, because our terrain, rain distribution of regional differences that make our groundwater resources has a rich and poorin the South of the North of characteristics. Accounting for a total of 60% of the northern region water natural resources about 260km3/a, about the natural resources of the national groundwater quantity of 30%, less than 1/2 of the South. Accounting for a total area of about 1/3 of the underground natural resources in the Northwest of about 110km3/a, about the natural resources of the national groundwater quantity 13%; and the South East and South-Central region, an area of only 13% of the country, but the underground natural resources about 260km3/a, about the natural resources of the national groundwater quantity 30% [2]. Groundwater distribution of non-uniformity, to the universal promotion and application of ground water-source heat pump brings geographic limitations. China's large population, freshwater resources per capita consumption for 900m3, below the world average of 1/4, no. 110, classified by the United Nations as the 13 countries of the typical water-poor one [4]. Coupled with the severe water pollution, resulting in more than 600 cities in China with more than 300 cities short of water [5], according to statistics, in 1988, more than 300 cities short of water, of which more than 100 is a serious shortage of water city, mainly concentrated in the North, peak season only 65% of water consumption, National City, water shortage reaches 16 million m3. Especially in the North, due to the lack of surface water resources, relying mainly on groundwater to compensate for the lack of water consumption. According to the 2000 China water resources Bulletin records, 2000 national total quantity m3, 5531 million groundwater extraction volume up to 1060 billion m3. Northern Song River, sea and river and Yellow River, the four River Valley, groundwater pumpage 845 million m3, total national groundwater quantity of 79%. Groundwater supply quantity in the North in occupies a total quantity of water supplied to larger scale. One of the haihe River basin covers an areaof 66%, 60% of the Yellow River, Liao River basin covers an area of 59%. The southern Valley of underground water to total water supply ratio is 5%, but concentrated in urban areas. Based on this kind of situation, determine the groundwater heat pump can only be achieved through groundwater to be able to capture the shallow (hot), and no further on groundwater resource wastage and pollution. 2 groundwater problems and lessons of groundwater is in two parts: one is shallow groundwater, groundwater years average yield over the corresponding total recharge, and caused the water level continues to drop; the second is the phenomenon of deep artesian water overdraft, due to supply difficulties, their large-scale mining can be regarded as overdraft amount. As groundwater too centralized, in urban areas caused by groundwater level continues to drop, ground subsidence, sea water intrusion problems, such as environmental geology. 2 · 1 regional groundwater level continues to drop, expanding cones area such as: · current Beijing overdraft area forming the decline funnel 1000km2, funnel area average water level decline 4m, Centre drawdown 20-30m, serious areas up to 40m [5]. · Tianjin, Hebei, hengshui, Texas area down funnel has been growing, area of 3.18 million km2 of deep water level North ·. to 3-5m/a speed decreases. · cones and Changzhou region has reached 3000km2, funnel Center water depth 60-70m. · Liaoning Provincial groundwater area 1500km2. Shenyang region formed a deep groundwater level lowering 28m, covering an area of overdraft funnel 280km2, Liaoyang area formed a deep 23.5m, covering an area of overdraft funnel 320km2 [6], [5]. 2 · 2 land subsidence in Shanghai as early as the 1930s, as a result of the massive overdraft groundwater cause ground subsidence, from 1921 to 1967, the most serious area of ground down 2.37m [7]. So far, the country has over 50 cities appeared regional land subsidence, 80% are distributed in coastal regions, more serious is the Shanghai, Tianjin, Changzhou, Suzhou, Ningbo, etc., as shown in table 1. Table 1 2 · 3 sea water intrusion in coastal areas, especially the Shandong peninsula, the Liaodong Peninsula and the Gulf due to groundwater cause varying degrees of seawater intrusion. For example: · Shandong peninsula total area has reached seawater intrusion 643km2, grain production in each of the 2-3 million kg, 45 million people lack of drinking water. Sea water is now being continued in each of the dozens to hundreds of meters of speed boost to land aquifer. [5] · bigEven, Yingkou, Jinzhou, Huludao city of seawater intrusion in coastal areas, from the early 1980s development of 50km2 to 1990s 766km2 [6]. Furthermore, in northern China, Guangxi and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and etc mining groundwater areas, because of the overdraft, karst collapse phenomenon is relatively common. Groundwater caused land subsidence, cracks, collapse, geological hazards such as seawater intrusion, to human life safety and production environment cause great harm. For example: · sea water intrusion in the groundwater quality deterioration, loss of the original value of the use of groundwater; · sea water intrusion would result in grain production and even overwhelming debt; · ground subsidence caused by dams, dikes and building, municipal infrastructure and urban buildings of serious damage. Such as Xi'an big wild goose pagoda in the Tang dynasty by serious tilt ground subsidence. Xi'an, Tianjin and other cities due to ground settlement due to water supply pipelines and gas pipeline rupture that ground subsidence ·. bridge clearance decreased, affecting normal shipping. River faults, such as ren to wen'an baiyangdian miles on horizontal cracks up to 2000m, hutuohe dam cracks. · ground subsidence of the city, the gravity sewage capacity areas flood control, effectiveness to reduce flood control; · the 1970s, the Yellow River flowing down years continuous disconnection, 1972-1997 years, 20 years, 90 years after cutoffs, stop-over growing cumulative 1997 amounted to 226 days, raises many social problems and environmental issues. The above examples illustrate, as groundwater geological hazards caused by the problem has been growing, therefore, in the promotion and application of ground water heat pump, the primary task is to protect groundwater resources. Take control measures on water conservation, the progressive realization of the rational allocation of groundwater resources, science, conservation and sustainable development vision. 3100 per recharge groundwater is the correct use of groundwater heat pump's basic logo evaluation a running water source heat pump system with good or bad, you should first see if it can be 100% of the groundwater recharge. You must comply with the technical specifications of ground source heat pump system (GB50366-2005) in 5.1.1. To improve the recirculation system, in the life of the entire operation, guarantees 100% recharge groundwater. Before you can see its operating economy, reliability and security, and so on. 3 · 1 purpose of recharge groundwater heat pump 3 · 1 · 1 protection of groundwater resources, avoid geohazards. Based on a serious shortage of water resources and the status of long term overdraft, if ground water-source heat pump recirculation technology problems that cannot be 100% well water recharge the aquifer, that will now not optimistic about the status of groundwater resources. In the country promoting ground source heat pump, poses and accelerated due to groundwater caused by larger geologic hazards, fall, groundwater aquifers draining, ground subsidence, River River, sea water intrusion, etc. 1 · 2 · 3 to improve and enhance shallow geothermal energy (heat) use efficiency. Shallow geothermal energy (heat) part stored in the groundwater aquifers, and most are stored in the aquifer rocks skeleton, top and bottom of the rock, through the ground water-source heat pump system for Reinjection well lower the temperature of the water into the aquifer, and aquifers, top and bottom rock for heat, in order to improve the shallow geothermal energy (heat) utilization. 3 · 1 · 3 recharge keep aquifers, maintaining the pressure inside the can of shallow ground (heat) of mining conditions. Ground water-source heat pump if not 100% recharge groundwater, the essence of its water becomes a kind of artificial groundwater discharge. When a large amount of ground water-source heat pump is used and the long-running, will inevitably cause the aquifer recharge, runoff, and excretion of the destruction of small circulation. As is known, groundwater recharge, runoff and excretion is closely linked to the formation of ground-water run is a complete, integral process. To this end, ground water-source heat pumps must take the reliable recharge measures to ensure that replacement cooling or heat after all recharge groundwater into the same aquifer to keep aquifers pressure and stable yield. 3 · 2 groundwater heat pump recharge of groundwater recharge is not heat pump technology is the key technology that has caused air conditioning and refrigeration industry personnel attention [8-10]. At the same time, artificial groundwater recharge technology is also a new strategy for water resources management [5]. Artificial groundwater recharge technology refers to the excess surface water and storm runoff or recycled sewage through ground water seepage or recharge wells, water from the ground to the underground aquifer, then with groundwater as new sources of water utilization. Geothermal resource development and utilization of the area are also using geothermal water recirculation technology to protect the geothermal resources [1], [2]. Visible, groundwater recharge technology has now become popular in the areas of research. Ground water-source heat pump is applied to the project actual has 60 years of history, in the 60 years often betrayed Reinjection well fail. Recirculation water caused-well well plugging more irrigation and less, even under irrigation and not. This is a restrictive application of ground water-source heat pump a bottleneck. The reasons for the decline in recharging ability is well hole, rock surfaces and formations within the structure of a blocked. Factors have caused by blockage: 1 · 2 · 3 suspended matter clogging. Since water contains suspended particles in the recharge under pressure, attached to the wall or recharging wells into the aquifer recharge of pore and impact. When tiny particles be adsorbed on the shaft, will form the bulk of that at this point, you can go back to Jan and pickling means to digestion; but when the movement of small particles in the formation of a location because of the pressure and flow rate to maintain the normal movement of particles, which makes the particle is resident, circular area of forming barrier, when this is blocked, despite the measures adopted to Yang, and often insurmountable. Prevent suspension of specific measures is equipped with a filter, remove the suspended solids in water before recharging. Therefore, control the recharge in the suspended solids content is preventing choking recharge the primary factor. 3 · 2 · 2 bubble clogging. Due to irrigation may carry large amounts of bubbles, water solubility of gases in may, due to changes in temperature and pressure and released, may also be generated as a result of the chemical reaction gas substances, gases in the aquifer pore and channel presence, stacked, possible gas plug. Prevent back water entrainment bubble concrete measures at the mouth of the river system and rechargingThe highest point of the set of lower gas tank, gas tank set up automatic discharge valve. 3 · 2 · 3 chemical sedimentation blockage. Due to the physicochemical status change or recharge and groundwater chemical reactions between produce precipitation, resulting in reduced ability of recharge. Among them, the water ions and aquifers in the clay particles of cation exchange occurred, resulting inswelling of clay and diffusion, it is reported the most because of a chemical reaction produces jams.
Prevent clay swelling and diffusion of specific measures is available through the injection of CaCl2 and salt. 2 · 3 · 4 growth of microorganisms. Recharge of microorganisms in appropriate conditions, in the rapid propagation and recharging wells surrounding, biofilm formation, blocking filter porosity porosity or aquifer, lowering the water in the aquifer. Preventing biofilm formation of specific measures is: · removal of organic compounds; · to pre sterilized, kill microorganisms, such as the commonly used chlorine disinfection. 3 · 2 · 5 fine particle medium aquifer. When recharging wells to double-purpose well, and as pumping wells, repeatedly pumping and recharge may cause the lining around the reorganization of fine particle medium, which blocked once formed, it is difficult to handle. As far as Dillon and others on 40 case investigation and recharging, found that 80% of Reinjection wells appear plug phenomenon, of which 65% of the causes of blockage of well identified, the reasons for the remaining 15% is not yet clear. Block wells have been identified, all the circumstances, the proportion of listed in table 2 [2]. Table 2 the full description, in the present technical conditions, recharge wells plug remains a widespread problem. The basic problem is not solved, but blind promotion and application, the consequences are difficult to predict. 3 · 3 effective management and monitoring operation, in order to master the recharge effect, timely detection of problems in the recharge, should complete the following work: 3 · 3 · 1 effect of monitoring and recharging. To recharge wells of water recharge, water temperature, water quality and monitoring well head pressure, etc., and records for inspection. 3 · 2 · 3 back to Jan. Back to Jan cleaning method is the prevention and treatment of recharge wells Plug one of effective method. Currently in the country, oftenusing back to Jan cleaning method to maintain ground water-source heat pump system for groundwater recharge. 3 · 3 · 3 Reinjection well maintenance and management. Each year at least to overhaul well, be well pipes, cleaning filters and well pipe. 3 · 3 · 4 method of using chemical (acid, disinfection and chlorinating agent, etc.) to recharge wells for periodic regeneration and treatment to protect well recharge ability. 4 · closings into the 21st century, the ground water-source heat pump system development in China, its very rapidly growing application. Currently, there are areas of the sector and has implemented a series of preferential policies and measures to enable the application of ground water-source heat pump system is more extensive. In this situation, we should note the duality of groundwater, it is not only good groundwater source heat sources and sinks, and is a precious resource, is mankind's survival of the most important basic material. Without water, humanity cannot survive and develop. Therefore, the protection of groundwater resources, rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources, take the road to sustainable development, human social and natural environment and harmonious development, the contemporary, work in the future. To that end, recommends: · regional ground water-source heat pumps are running recirculation measures and recharge a comprehensive survey on the effect, stop pumping more, recharge less phenomena exist, resolutely implement GB50366-2005 relating to the extraction of groundwater recharge all into the same aquifer of mandatory provisions. On the contrary, firm stops running, the technological transformation, until qualified. · enhanced groundwater heat pump technology for recharging. Conducting ground water-source heat pump sources, sinks wells running characteristics, due to pumping and recharge of groundwater due to transport characteristics (hydraulic and thermal characteristics) and other aspects of theoretical and experimental researches. · actively seeking easy to recharge of groundwater heat pump forms and recirculation technology, learn other professional experience and technology of recharge.