【 Weak current College 】 solar water heater heating residential building design issues to consider

1 Introduction
Current solar has a certain research [1-4], but the integration of solar water heaters for residential designs often to two extremes: one is a design-time neglected solar water heater equipment, the facade is finished you will need a simple installation of equipment; other is only a complement each other. Losing the building facade overall sense of balance. Solar water heating device itself, as distinct from the building, but it must pass the building as a whole to be fully displayed. Following the solar water heater and residential combination of architectural design.
2 design principles
Architecture in the form and content (features, materials, structure, process) should be consistent.
Solar water heater integrated residential styling should take fully into account the characteristics of residential buildings. First of all, regardless of whether the high-rise residential high-rise residential, is composed by a unit type, no big space, flat, facade structure and generally more structured; Secondly, the room was very large with functional limitations, stressed the natural lighting and natural wind; third, the residence is cost limit is large, straight-wall should also be possible. Due to the characteristics of these dwellings, the modeling process can have large size changes, but in general it is difficult to break the floor, Suite, unit of factors. Practice often use the same element of duplication, increase or decrease to achieve artistic effects. From that point of view, residential styling than public buildings more difficult. But from another angle, residential internal strict structural and functional leadership is in compliance with the technical and aesthetic emphasis logic and purpose. Solar water heaters for the integration of design in housing performance technology aesthetics is feasible, and, of course, high-rise residential, multistory has its own characteristics and should be treated differently.
(1) high-rise residential
High-rise building itself represents a modern science and technology in architectural engineering achievements, solar water heater integrated design can complement each other. Because the pipeline and household density of tall buildings in a solar collector is often installed in walls and the balcony, at the top of the collector can only be used to provide hot water in the upper part of several layers. So first of all discuss the shaft. Face the heat and the building of the upside.
First, you can use a large collector strengthening vertical concept. My country of residence, particularly Tower residence, the plane will have some changes, but its shape features are Skyscraping and outstanding. Further strengthening of vertical concept, you can make it more modern style. Collectors can set continuous layout or with Windows or balcony bump treatment to form vertical division, so that the whole building is vertically developed a sense of rhythm. Solar water heater water tank should be placed in the room as possible, so as not to undermine the overall effect of the facade, often use forced-circulation type or DC collector, and the top water pipeline.
Collector use can also be reflected in the residential part and material handling. In recent years, high-rise residential, often at the top or Foreign Ministry, beam using au-specific shape or symbols to strengthen landmark, to avoid monotony feel. Solar Collector with absorbent coatings with special color and texture, its surface is very bright, if you associate it with a high level at the top of the elevator or combination between the water tank, can serve to decorate the role for the upper layers of the household to provide domestic hot water. In some tropical or subtropical regions of residential, often using large glass Windows, but they must be equipped with sun-shading Widget, use the set of ' stands out from the hot plate serves as a sunshade. It increases the formation of shadows shape of contrast and spatial level.
(2) for high-rise residential
Multi-storey residential solar water heater integrated design can set off from the form and size, as the collector needs South of slope roof or wall installation, for as many entities in the area and can make use of the space becomes integrated residential design philosophy of the body. Usually you can use the back-order and design-in-the-ground type. Cutting through the dimensional structure, so that the whole body weight of the cross section is similar to a bench or triangles.
Solar water heater integrated design can also use partial widget to show technical features and modern style, because by function, multistory shape changes often limited and the local processing and widget form will play an important role.
3 structure and system selection
Solar water heater integrated residential design aesthetic principles and practices as well as structural programmes and the system of choice, is an architect on solar hot water system of the second product design and manufacturing, is the realization of "integration" of key steps. Content includes installation site selection and design of structural programmes, it is necessary to consider to ensure the efficiency of solar water heater, and residential structure, use the function and appearance. In order to guarantee sufficient sunshine hours, collector of possible installation locations including roof and south facade and balcony. Here's a different install location.

(1) the roof parts
When the solar water heater is installed in the roof, because its location is high, can form a natural pressure head, pipeline to select a more flexible, you can select a roof water or fell into the water. The collector types also have greater freedom, natural circulation, forced circulation and circulations. But residential roof in the form of flat roof and pitched roof, so you will need to focus on solar equipment and different roof forms of organic combination and connection.
The water heater installation, flat roof construction of benefits is more convenient, collectors or bracket and roof structure of smaller connected technical difficulty. And flat roof in General viewpoint is unable to see, so you do not need too many consider collector shape and building facades. Considered to be senior or other location to see the flat roof, collectors can be just neat and tidy. While the slope roof installation of solar water heaters, according to the slope, you can directly use the collector is installed on the roof, you can also use bracket installation, but should not affect the use and appearance of the House. In fact, many houses sloping roof is relatively minor. Abated in inclined more conducive to collectors for solar diffuse radiation, you can not separate mounting bracket. Due to the high pitched roof normal vision, generally visible collector canPlay a role in enriching its appearance. The disadvantage is that construction would involve to waterproof, technically relatively complex.
1) flat roof installation
Solar water heaters in flat roof installation, pay attention to the collector plane installation location. Should minimise the length of the horizontal line, the collector placed at the top of the toilet. The advantage is the floor here for in-situ concrete structure, to set up the pipeline and fixation.
If the user selects the circulating water heater, solar collector device must be installed by an angle tilt, the collector shall plus bracket is connected with the roof structure. Bracket for cold rolling steel plate thickness should not be less than 2mm, stainless steel plate thickness should not be less than 1.5mm. Roof structure on the flexible waterproof plus 40 mm thick concrete rigid waterproofing layer, embedded iron and bracket welded or bolted.
If the user selects the circulations, water heater, solar collector can directly above the roof level, decrease the wind load and increase the security of thesystem. And because the collector tube and reflector of Eclipse, the roof heat insulation effect increased, thereby reducing domestic top summer indoor temperature and structural effects of the thermal bridge connection. Debugging, Installer according to local geographical location and natural conditions rotating collector tube, heat absorbing body angle adjust for best, you can achieve better thermal efficiency of the set.
2) pitched roof installation
General circulation type solar collectors need certain angle, the use of sloping roof structure gradient is very natural. Since the slope roof floor there is a ceiling space under the normal, lateral pipeline can be accommodated, the collector plane locations can be more flexible.
In the design, it is best to choose a collector and storage tanks, hot water system of separation of the tank on the ceiling, you can reduce the load on the roof. In the natural cycle, requiring collectors not higher than water tank water level; and the use of forced-circulation there is no such restriction.
On the other hand, the emergence of mass distribution comparison even tanks — set the integration of solar heat. Roof solar water heater overcomes single-tube water supply cannot at any time, 24 hours hot water and cumbersome shortcomings on the water without any operation, usually the hot water with open with the weather, the structure is unique, ideal for Chevron roof, Center of gravity low and extremely convenient, is firmly installed. Slope roof cross tube solar water heater is the most suitable slope roof cottages or houses, the water looks like "biscuit" flat to the sloping roof, to overcome the various solar gravity high, in the slope of the roof installation difficulties, and so on shortcomings, safe and reliable, smooth, slice it install tidy, have been supporting the real estate company. Their common characteristic is the water tank and collectors, reduces the cost of the pipeline.
(2) wall and balcony
In thewall or balcony installation of solar water heater, you can reduce the length of the pipeline. For high-rise residential buildings is the other installation methods cannot be replaced. And its location are facades Visual focus, can become a facade constitute important factors, which are more in line with the integration of design ideas. As with the water-side does not have sufficient height difference, so in the wall or balcony installation of the system must be the top water pipeline. But as with sloping roofs, should try to select the collector and storage tanks separated system, you can reduce the probability of falling wounding. According to the usage of different components can be divided into fixed and connected activities.
1) fixed
Fixed type refers to the water heater in the post-installation user no longer move its position or angle. Therefore require collectors in the installation, you will be able to achieve better efficiency, but also does not cause confusion or facades insecurity factor. Obviously, the diagonal cantilever fixed collectors in mechanics or psychologically, will form the insecurities. So in today's technology, more realistic scenario is in vertical wall mount DC horizontal collector tube and balcony tilt board installed heat pipe or flat plate collectors. Collectors can be hung on the sunny balcony of a building or wall window below, the thorough settlement high-rise buildings lower housing wanted to put fears a pipe is too long and the many challenges cannot be installed on the roof. Water tank hoisted to the surface or interior corner balcony. Fully automatic, loosen the faucet can use hot water. Basic is not in the pipeline, not freeze in winter outdoors, thanks to the unique patented technology, focusing on the Elimination of collector surface falling ash convenient conditions, water temperature in winter than in the roof.
-2) activity
Swivel connection refers to the collectors can be user control on the bracket Rails movement, that it can be attached to a vertical wall, or you can ramp up for optimal heat effect. Active connections are recycling collectors often way. Ideal scenario is to bracket installed in the window above, apart from the rest you can bracket. Use the collector into the appropriate location and perspective, in the heat at the same time the role of the Sun, especially suitable for summer sun height angle is quite high. In the overhanging bracket with stalls, the collector in different seasons is the best angle, respectively. Collector's open and put away at the lower end of the lever can be used. The disadvantage is that because the collector is already in the location window, on a beam has insufficient space for this layer to accommodate the water tank, so the natural cycle of water tanks must be placed on a layer of indoor. But if the large-scale construction or forced circulation, such inconvenience is not a problem. In addition, swivel connection can also be applied in the balcony railing of vertical tail outside.
4 closing
Residential solar energy water heater integrated design will work with existing dwelling forms and style on the more obvious differences in style of House is unique, both for households or developers, its unique identifiability is attractive. More importantly, this kind of integrated design represents is a new thing, its future and vitality are immeasurably.