【 Weak current College 】 heat pump principle and development and economic analysis of our heating

First, the principle of heat pumps and energy conversion analysis

The so-called heat pump is a low-temperature heat artificial technology will be converted to high-temperature heat energy to achieve heating effects of mechanical devices. Heat pump consists of low temperature heat source (such as ambient natural air, ground water, water, sea water, sewage, etc.) absorb energy, and then converted to a high temperature heat release to the desired space (or other region). This device can be used as a heating device, and can be used for refrigeration and cooling equipment, so as to achieve a dual-purpose..

Heat pump units of energy conversion, is using its compressor, through the consumption of certain secondary energy (e.g. electricity), in the compressor and heat circulation of refrigerant in the system together, under the environmental heat source (such as water, air) in a low-temperature heat, and then converted to a high temperature heat release-circulation media (such as water, air), a high temperature of heat output. In this work as a result of the operation of the compressor and the consumption of electric energy, the compressor operation enables continuous cycle of refrigerant in the different systems in different variations and different effects (i.e. condensation evaporation heat absorption and heat release) so as to achieve the recovery of the heat source producing high temperature low temperature heat source and purpose.

Second, the development of heat pump and application in China

Europe's first heat pump units are manufactured in 1938. Its low temperature heat source in the River, the Town Hall of heat supply, the output water temperature up to 60oC. In the winter heating with heat pumps as needed, in the summer can also be used for refrigeration. The 1973 energy crisis, the development of the heat pump is a climax. Currently, the European heat pump theory and technology are highly developed, this kind of "double benefit" and environmental protection equipment in France, Germany, Japan, the United States and other developed countries are already widely used.

The 80 's, China's heat pumps in various occasions of applied research has a lot of development. Our geothermal resource rich, if a direct use or after cooling of underground water as the heat pump to use low-heat, you can increase the use of groundwater temperature difference, and increase the utilization of geothermal energy, which in the Beijing-Tianjin area already had been applied in practice. But this device at the same time for China's energy use efficiency is not high, the allocation of uneven situation has raised a valid solution.

3. heat pump technical analysis:

1. heat pump unit can reach a dual-purpose effect, i.e. the use of the heat pump for heating in winter, in summer for cooling. Both saving refrigeration units, there is a saving of boiler house footprint, while meeting the environmental protection.

2. If the owner has a geothermal well, you can take advantage of the heat pump unit for cascade conversion, can greatly facilitate heat resources full and effective use.

3 £ ® for living water heating and heating and other life need of energy consumption, if you rely on direct heating will cause energy waste, is not acceptable, adopting the heat pump and heating to more efficient use of energy.

4. using heat pump technology for heating of the atmosphere and environment without any polluting and energy-efficient, green environmental protection technologies and equipment, in line with China's energy, environmental basic policy, on the users themselves imperceptibly played the role of self-advocacy.

4. heat pump heating of economic analysis

Heat pump efficiency is determined by many aspects, it compared with boiler room heating, obviously has the following characteristics:

1. run the surcharge is relatively small, this is because:

(1) heat pump does notrequire fuel transportation costs and maintenance costs, transportation, etc.; slag

(2) maintenance cycle is longer, because the boiler equipment and high temperature flue gas contact widget extremely vulnerable; the heat pump system with only two parts in movement, less wear, usually do not need any maintenance.

(3) managers and labor can be reduced, saving payroll expenses.

2. run direct costs (electricity) than large coal-fired boilers, heat pumps, the main expenditure.

3. heat pump on the investment costs are often greater than the boiler room equipment (of simple designed for heating in winter). Same capacity of heating equipment than the boiler equipment. In addition, the initial investment and plant size, room construction scale investment is also relevant.

Heat pumps for energy use analysis:

The difference between the temperature of groundwater storage energy, belong to low heat, heat pumps can become life of conversion and the production of useful heat. The heat pump has a value greater than 1 (1: 3.2 — 5.4 above), energy efficiency, the use of energy is far superior to other forms of heating.

5. heat pumps and energy price relationship

Heat pump than the boiler heating is advanced, the heat pump and coal, gas, heating oil, and other means, to heat for heating 10000kcal costs do a comprehensive comparison, we can conclude that:

1. use heat pump units: heat pumps COP (of its system quantity of heat and consumes ratio, i.e. the coefficient of performance unit) value is 4, the electricity consumption of electricity 2.91kW, if the average price is $ 0.5/kWh (Beijing), the tariff is: $ = $ 1.75 2.91x0.5

2. about coal: coal produces 70% of the heat, the required fuel to 2.13kg. If coal price 0.35 Yuan/a fee: $ = $ 0.75 2.13x0.35

3. gas: gas is about to produce 75% of the heat, the required amount of gas to 3.81m3. If gas prices at $ 0.8/m3, cost: $ = $ 3.05 3.81x0.8

4. using fuel:fuel approximately can produce 80% of the calories, amount of oil required for 1.16kg. If oil prices 2.4 Yuan/a fee: $ = 2.1.16x2.4$ 78

This shows that the use of coal heating is the cheapest and most expensive gas. Using hot pump power costs and price from the direct relationship, compared with other heating methods but also as other fuel prices.

However: with the energy policy of further implementation and implementation in practical projects, although heat pump heating operation cost rate slightly higher than the direct costs of coal, the overall package works a bit more at the beginning of the investment, but with high energy efficiency, environmental protection, and other characteristics, as long as the perfection of system of related technologies, has very good wide spread application value.