Weak current College】 【elevator equipment classification and structure.

<br> Elevator as vertical transport, along with the computer and the development of power electronics technology, modern elevator has become typical of mechatronic products. High-rise office building, residential building vertical lift, shopping malls, airports, railway stations, subway stations .of escalators, automatic sidewalk; hotels, hotel in sightseeing lifts and more convenient for people. <br> <br> As China's real estate industry, the rapid development of new technology in China elevator vvvf, MRL, permanent-magnet synchronous drive technology, .gearless traction machine, computer control technology, remote monitoring technology, and so will rapidly spread. Our elevator manufacturing technology, the domestic elevator company strength increasing, such as in the South of Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang giant Pepsi Street, Shanghai housing equipment Corp. ., Dongguan feipeng, Ningbo, Suzhou shenlong, Southeast hydraulic elevator, Elevator manufacturing enterprises have developed rapidly. With China's accession to the WTO and the countries of the Western development, the world's famous brands such as elevator Otis, Schindler, Kone, Mitsubishi, Hitachi ., Toshiba, Fujitsu, sigma, have started to enter the Chinese market. <br> <br> First, the classification of the common elevator <br> <br> (A) classification according to the use of the elevator <br> < .br> According to the elevator in the building use uses (service objects), the elevator can be divided into: <br> <br> 1, passenger elevators: mainly used to transport passengers up and down buildings, General settings have good car interior .decoration and perfection of security facilities. <br> <br> 2. Laden elevator: mainly used for vertical transport of goods, equipment, etc., usually have special control. <br> <br> 3. fire lift: in case of .fire, other lifts can not be used, only the elevator available for firemen and dedicated, usually used to transport equipment, staff, laden, etc. It is from the basement to the top of each layer can stay vertical lift. On a high- .rise building, the fire service lift is very important, pay special attention. <br> <br> 4 beds elevator: a hospital delivery beds, stretchers and medical vehicles, car features with narrow long. <br> <br> 5. service .lift: for libraries, bookstores, office buildings, hotels, transportation of books, papers, food design modifications of Elevator, generally smaller, do not allow manned. <br> <br> 6, sightseeing lifts: Car Wall transparency, for sightseeing, .General installed in commercial high-rise buildings of flowers in the comparison. <br> <br> 7. the travellators: mainly used for horizontal transport of persons and goods lifts. <br> <br> 8, escalator: mainly used for transportation .of passengers, the elevator ramp. <br> <br> 9. other elevator: such as vehicle lifts, ship lifts, construction elevator and traction motor, etc. <br> <br> (2) press the elevator transport speed classification < .br> <br> 1, low-speed elevator: refers to the speed usually 1.0 m / s in the elevator. <br> <br> 2. fast elevator: refers to the speed usually 1.0 ~ 2.0 m / s in the elevator .. <br> <br> 3. high-speed elevator speed generally 2.0 ~ 3.5 m / s in the elevator. <br> <br> 4, ultra high speed elevator: means a speed greater than 3.5 m / s in the elevator .. <br> <br> (3) press the drive way and traction motor classification <br> <br> 1, the exchange of elevator: AC induction motor-driven elevator. According to the dragging can be divided into Exchange single-speed ., AC two-speed, AC speed elevator. <br> <br> 2, DC elevator: DC motor driven elevator. Used for speed greater than 2 m / s upscale elevator. <br> <br> 3. hydraulic lift: the .use of hydraulic pump, piston or piston + rope driven lifting and lowering of the lift cabin. <br> <br> 4 rack and Pinion Elevator: will guide processed into a rack, the cabin is equipped with the mating gear, motor-driven .gear rotation so that the lift cabin lift. Used for Wharf crane, building site, etc. <br> <br> 5, linear motor lifts: linear motor-driven elevator, it is the latest drive elevator. <br> <br> .Second, the basic structure of the elevator <br> <br> In accordance with their capabilities, the elevator can be divided into traction systems, steering systems, door systems, cabin and on heavy, drag electrical safety devices and control systems section. < .br> <br> (A) traction system <br> <br> 1, role: the role of a traction system is output power, traction car running. <br> <br> 2. composition: mainly by tractor, traction rope ., the guiding wheel, the pulley, etc. <br> <br> Traction motor, the axle, brakes, gearboxes, motor and traction wheels. <br> <br> Traction wire rope connection cabin and on the heavy reliance on traction wheel .Groove and friction between the wire rope to lifts up and running. <br> <br> Guide wheel usually installed on the traction motor or load-bearing beam, used to support the traction rope, adjust the car and the distance between the heavy. .<br> <br> The rope round is installed in the car top or on the top of the fixed pulley, the main role is to lower the elevator speed and improve the lift capacity. <br> <br> (B) the guiding .system: <br> <br> 1, role: restrictions on cabin and on the freedom to make it only along the guide movement up and down. <br> <br> 2. composition: mainly consists of Rails, boots, rail frame .. <br> <br> Guide to the cabin and on the role of sports-oriented, mainly by t-, L-type. <br> <br> Guide shoes installed on the car and on the shelf, force the car along .the track down vertical movement. <br> <br> Guide frame installed in Wells road wall to support and fixed guideway. <br> <br> (3) door system <br> <br> 1, role: for closed cabin and .wells Road exit. <br> <br> 2. composition: the Office by car door, doors, door body composition. <br> <br> Car door installed in the car, have to delete and close-ended, etc. < .br> <br> Hall door installed in the exit of each elevator. Each Hall is setMechanical and electrical interlocks, guarantee when the elevator door opened the Office could not be run. <br> The door is switch elevator door body, there are automatic ., manual two differences. <br> <br> (4) the cabin and on heavy <br> <br> 1. car used to transport passengers or cargo, is part of the means of carrying the elevator. It mainly has the mechanical .frame, cabin floor, the car wall and car top. <br> <br> 2. the relative to the car suspension to Dray bottom at the other end, so that the tractor just overcome the cabin and on heavy weight difference between the base .will be driven to the lift, thereby reducing power consumption, improve traction power base. To be on the shelf, on the block, and compensating device. <br> <br> (5) electric drive and control components <br> <br .> Elevator electric drive system has two main categories, namely, AC drive system and DC drive system. Common DC drive system can be divided into controlled Silicon excitation and controlled Silicon supply two types; and AC drive system is divided into single-speed, two .-speed, speed of the three categories. <br> <br> The elevator control system depends on the elevator use, rated load, speed, control, and other design requirements and the use of performance requirements, but the control content. Mainly refers .to the lift starts, acceleration, deceleration, stop running, and running direction, floor displays, sedan directive, station outside calls, security protection, management and control signals. <br> <br> (Vi) safety devices <br> <br .> Safety device's role is to ensure the safe use of Elevator, crisis prevention and personal, property of accidents. Safety devices fall into two categories: mechanical safety devices and electrical safety devices. <br> <br> 1, mechanical safety device <br .> <br> Mechanical safety device has the safety edge, Hall door locks, speed limiter, safety clamp, bumpers, etc. <br> <br> ① safety edge design in car door, in the elevator door closing process, where persons or .goods reach safety edge, car door, automatic back up wounding or prevent clips. <br> <br> ② lock devices (primarily means Hall) is located inside the Office door, the door will shut down the Office door shut to prevent closed wells .road is not in the elevator floor station staff into wells road; at the same time, when the elevator when leaving the station, it is not in the elevator Hall doors open with non-normal means to prevent the Office door entry wells road; only .all elevator Hall door closed, the elevator to started running normal. <br> <br> ③ Governor General installation in the engine room floor. When the elevator runs faster than the speed limit, speed limiter, first cut off the safety loop, if .you are still running down the elevator will direct traction safety clamp action will stop the lift system. <br> <br> ④ safety clamp general installation in the car at the bottom (exceptional circumstances have to also install security clamp), when Governor action ., elevator car (or on) still run down, speed limiter, along with safety clamp movement, the car (on weight) holding on the Rails so that the car (on weight) stop motion. <br> <br> ⑤ buffer is .divided into spring and hydraulic lift two, is the last line of safety devices. When the car or counterweight for any reason beyond the limit location recoil or squatting bottom, you can reduce the impact of building equipment. <br> <br> 2. .electrical safety devices <br> <br> Electrical safety devices have upper and lower limit switch, limit switch, overload protection, Mun-electronic devices. <br> <br> ① limit switch is used when the elevator goes beyond the scope of normal .journey, through the installation in the car on the playing board driven by limit switch action, cut off circuit, forced the lift stop. <br> <br> ② limit switch is when the elevator careered end-station, the limit switch and no .system can stop the lift, the lift or the untouched buffer before cutting safety circuit or forcibly cut off the main power of electrical safety devices. <br> <br> ③ overload protection is installed in the car suspension structure or activities in the cabin on .a weighing device, when the car's weight within the load exceeds the rated load, a warning signal to alert the elevator use, and keep the door status is not closed until the cabin or in weight are not overloaded. <br> <br> In .addition, there are many guarantees in elevator elevator safety operation of electrical safety devices such as car resistant trouble features, no longer be described here. <br> <br> <br> <br> <br>.