Weak current College】 【Central air-conditioning chillers installed runtime error analysis.

<br> <br> With the rapid development of science and technology, industrial and agricultural production level, the improvement of people's cultural life, air conditioning in China's increasing use. Air conditioning energy consumption is increasing, how the air conditioning system operation, operation .and management of energy-saving, is engaged in this work a major issue. To make air conditioning chiller work done energy conservation, the operations staff to understand the unit and the air conditioning system works, and adapt to the characteristics of operating procedures unit, .strictly according to the refrigeration unit of manual operations, ensure the safe operation of the unit. <br> <br> To make air conditioning energy saving, first you must fix all errors. Misoperation more common is the chilled water system, cooling water system ., cooling tower system operation following the chiller operation and management of energy in four elaborate with topics: <br> <br> A chilled water system operation <br> <br> "Air conditioning chillers in General is in the standard conditions of cold water .temperature 12 ° c, water temperature 7 ° c, the temperature is 5 ° c under the conditions of operation. For the chillers, their operating conditions, external load certain cases, the chiller cooling capacity. At this point, through the evaporator in cold .water flow and temperature difference for, backwater, that is inversely proportional to the cold water flow, the greater the smaller temperature difference; on the contrary, the smaller the difference in the flow, the more so, the condition requiring cold water chillers for water .temperature 5 ° c, this is in fact provides for cooling water flow. This cold water flow control will behave as control water through the evaporator pressure drop in standard mode, the evaporator for back pressure on the cold water falling tone as 49kPa (0, .5kg/cm). <br> <br> In the frozen water system in actual operation, often with the following error: <br> <br> (1) some air conditioning room operator post is not in strict accordance with the unit's operating .parameters adjustable chilled water and water pressure drop, tend to increase above run parameters, when the pressure is too high, not the cold water pump down the water valve, but to open another does not run unit evaporator and out of the water valve, the .excess water from another unit evaporator thus moved to lower pressure drop, causing people to increase the cooling water pumps for running current, causing a energy waste. <br> <br> (2) power on, not to be separated from the rest of .the crew on the evaporator into and out of the water valve closed, causing some cold water never open unit evaporator flow, impact operational unit of refrigerating effect. <br> <br> To illustrate this, here's to two units (hereinafter referred to as .A machine and B machines), for example, talk about the danger of accidental operation if A machine turned on, the B machine does not open, A, B two machine evaporator and out of the water valve is open. <br> <br .> At this point, meet A machine evaporator chilled water and water pressure drop 49kPa (0, 5kg/cm) of water quantity is due to A 100kg / s, B machine evaporator have water flowing through, in theory, A machine evaporator frozen water .only 50kg / s, the other 50kg / s from the B machine evaporator flow away. In fact only flows through A machine evaporator 50kg / s frozen water is cooler cooling temperature by cooling and not all 50kg / s frozen water in the water mains, .water temperature will be convergence than from A machine out of the freezing water temperature is high because of this error is generated in the frozen water is heating up, to the cold occasions, its inevitable reduce cooling effect. This kind of mistake operation artificially reduced the .unit's cooling capacity to meet the demands of cold places. At the same time, through A machine evaporator water reduction, A machine water temperature will lower, often to the operator brings the wrong impression that unit of refrigerating effect is good, indeed the backwater temperature .rise will extend the unit's run time. Host, frozen pumps, cooling pumps, cooling fan, and other devices together, wasting electricity quite serious (and out of the water temperature of evaporator, is due to water flow caused by small). <br .> <br> (3) a mistake operation after A machine evaporator and out of the water pressure will decrease. Some operations staff not B machine evaporator of inlet valves close, increase A machine evaporator pressure drop in and out of the water, but a .mistake, take additional one cold water pump solution open water pump, while improving A machine evaporator pressure drop in and out of the water, but the additional cooling water pumps are completely unnecessary, this was the second cold water pump on the evaporator, is simply .wasted. <br> <br> The above three kinds of misuse, Shenzhen and other places were found, mainly due to: <br> <br> (1) the operator does not know the unit's operating principle, only to be able to .open the host. <br> <br> (2) the operator's troubles, to regulate the water valve, how convenient it operations (the location of the room is small, the water valve installed in the upper air, the water valve stem length ., rotating ring number and inconvenient) <br> <br> (3) the operator or Manager as the inevitable increase in the frozen water pressure to increase the cooling capacity of frozen water system is the correct method of operation: <br> <br .> 1) does not run off before powering on the unit of chilled water inlet valve to prevent the channeling of water. <br> <br> 2) open the required run unit evaporation of in and out of the water valve, open the appropriate .frozen water pump, the evaporator into and out of the water pressure falling tone to 49kPa (0, 5kg/cm) or so (depending on the actual design pressure in the engine room down regulation, generally to be able to overcome the resistance of the .pipeline, to reduce the pressure to reduce the power consumption of pump). <br> <br> 3) if the pump is started, found in and out of the water pressure gauge pointer oscillation is too large to explain there is air chilled water .system, exhaust back pressure gauge indicates normal to be continued next actions. <br> <br> 4) operations in both open a few units, which is a frozen water pump on one unit (matching to do). <br> <br .> II the operation of the cooling water system <br> <br> For a running water chillers, environmental conditions, load all has become a fixed value at this time, but also for the condensation heat load. Provisions into the water temperature is 5 ., ° c cooling water naturally for a certain value and that the flow and is inversely proportional to the temperature difference between in and out of the water. Therefore, cold waterUnit runs, as long as the provisions of the cooling water and water temperature difference on .the line this flow is usually used in and out condenser cooling water pressure to control. In standard mode, the condenser into and out of the water pressure falling tone set at 68, 6kPa (0, 7kg/cm:). <br> < .br> In the cooling water system in actual operation, often with the following error: <br> <br> (1) post before will not need to turn on the unit on the condenser inlet valve closed channeling water. Part of the cooling water .return never open flow away in the condenser unit, reducing the running unit for cooling water flow condenser, resulting in condensation pressure increased, host running current increases, the unit's cooling capacity drop serious may also make the unit stops running, waste electricity, and reduces .the cooling effect, is also easy to damage the device. <br> <br> (2) due to a malfunction, the host of condensing pressure and cooling water outlet temperature rise. To the operations staff mistakenly judge, mistaken for cooling water not .enough but rather large condenser inlet valve and cooling water pumps the water valve, there's also the additional cooling fan, water pump, blower power consumption increased cooling tower <br> <br> (3) Furthermore, blindly go to open a cooling water pump .. Although the additional cooling pumps indeed reduces the cooling water temperature and condensing pressure, but after all, a water pump operation of energy wasted, it is a mistake the cooling water system in the correct operating method is: <br> <br> 1 .) pre-boot will not need to run the turbine condenser inlet valve closed, preventing the channeling of water. <br> <br> 2) open the unit will run out of water on the condenser valve (valve normally open, normally the water .inlet valve on, off, as needed. Condenser, evaporator are the same) to open the corresponding cooling water pump, adjust the condenser inlet and outlet pressure reduced to 68, 6kPa (0, 7kg/cm:) or so (the pressure to .be able to overcome the resistance line, lower power-saving effect is better). <br> <br> 3) if the condenser into and out of the water pressure gauge pointer swing too large, the description of the cooling water system with air ., exhaust air to the pressure gauge indicates normal continue to next step. <br> <br> 4) operations, both open a few units, which is a cooling water pump on one host (matching to do). <br> <br .> Three cooling tower system operation <br> <br> Cooling tower system malfunction is divided into and out of the operation of cooling tower water and cooling fan operation. <br> <br> We all know, chillers, host load when powered on ., the condensation pressure high, the most common operation is to take away one unit when two cooling fans approach (ie the more open a cooling fan) standby set load reduce, and then close a cooling fan, this practice the above reproach, the problem .is in the closed cooling tower fan after the operation has not kept pace with that wastage. <br> <br> Following to A, B and two cooling towers as an example to illustrate this problem: <br> <br> The chilled water .pump chillers, cooling water pumps, cooling tower and Tower, are all designed to match the originally one-to-one are operating properly, in order to reduce the load on the host as soon as possible, the temporary additional one Tower, it is .a proven approach. Its practical operation and analysis of operation are as follows: <br> <br> For cooling water meet 68, 6kPa (0, 7kg/cm) pressure drop of traffic as A 120kg / s, B, and two cooling .fan at the same time. In theory, access A, B Tower water of s, his 6Okg/actual water temperature is generally lower than with 1 bed Tower water temperature low at work 2 ℃. When the host loads reduce, and then open two .cooling fan is wasted, so off B cooling tower fan. The problem is that the gateway B Tower fan, B Tower and out of the water valve is not closed, causing 60kg / s of the cooling water is not fan cooling. B Tower is .not cooled 60kg / s of water and A tower with cooling of water merging 60kg / s, into one condenser, the water temperature rather than separate open A Tower (closed B Tower water, water all 120kg / s from A Tower after) to high .2 ° c, but this State has to stop running the unit until the cooling water temperature increases will inevitably lead to condensation pressure increases, the host power increases, the unit's cooling capacity. <br> <br> Most of the air operator operations on .cooling tower are all cooling towers and water valve open all, cooling tower fan and open, as needed. People often note that the power Tower, to the neglect of the cooling water temperature increases aggravated the unit operating conditions, resulting in long-prodigality it .mainly has following several points: <br> <br> (1) General installed in the roof of the tower or a place far away from the mainframe and inconvenient. <br> <br> (2) adjust the cooling tower water, water .dish, a time consuming hassle. <br> <br> (3) a significant part of the operator takes no account of the energy-saving aspects and consider only the normal operation of the cooling tower. <br> <br> Cooling tower .is air conditioning and refrigeration systems subsidiary equipment, it is responsible for the dissemination of the entire system of total calories absorbed by an important task, therefore, on the correctness of the operation of cooling tower has a direct bearing on the entire air conditioning system and .energy-efficient cooling effect. As a result of the above to incorrect operation of cooling tower, and more generally to from power-on shut-down of the entire process, so its great harm, should lead to the operations staff and managers. Cooling .tower correct operating methods and requirements are: <br> <br> (1) the number of cooling towers and the unit number of the opening match. <br> <br> (2) shut down without fan for cooling tower water valve, .inlet, to prevent cooling water without the use of the tower. <br> <br> (3) temporary additional cooling fan, switch off the fan in, don't forget to turn off this tower of inlet and outlet valves, <br .> <br> (4) class post after to check the operation of the cooling tower, discover the unopened fan cooling towers have cooling water, are close in time and out of the water valve, this tower will be supporting the water plate water level .regulation good air-conditioning system of the condenser, evaporator, cooling tower water inlet valve, the unit is equipped with electric valve, electricValve easily out of the failure, malfunction, it should check to ensure that the system is working properly and correctly running cooling .process is actually a heat process. Chiller heat than window type, split, Cabinet air conditioner complex, the former is indirect refrigeration, the latter for direct cooling. Chiller heat has four procedures: <br> <br> (1) chilled water and .air with a cold heat of occasions. <br> <br> (2) chilled water and unit evaporator refrigerant heat. <br> <br> (3) of the cooling water and condenser refrigerant heat. <br> <br> ( .4) in the cooling water in cooling towers and air heat exchange <br> <br> These four hot swap process are visible from the water, the water chiller the importance of the work, to study the energy saving chillers is inseparable from the flow .of modern air conditioning equipment of high degree of automation, building automation appear often make people mistaken for normal operation of the air conditioning system and energy-saving can rely on automatic control, but people often overlook the fact that <br> <br> The .chiller, air conditioning technology has failed to put frozen water, cooling water flow and pressure drop full integration of automatic control systems (including the frequency of chillers), control of chilled water, cooling water pressure drop is also required by artificial to adjust the microcomputer .control centre, although you can switch from the current "as digital input signals, temperature and pressure signal as analog input", but the flow switch just to control unit with start and stop (protective) without controlling the water flow and pressure drop. Temperature .signal and pressure signal are only on unit safety protection role in a Word, the microcomputer control center, you can only control the unit's normal operation, a security function, convenient operation and maintenance. Cannot control the frozen water, cooling water flow and pressure drop ., cannot be set to provide the best, most energy efficient in running condition. It is precisely because it ignores the chiller operation, thereby artificially increased the unit's operating costs, resulting in undue losses. <br> <br> As long as the corrected .the above error, you can significantly reduce the consumption of electricity and equipment, to save operating costs, saving electricity General lO%, a machine room or even higher, cooling capacity, the unit number of the engine room, the energy-saving potential. .<br> <br> 4 how to manage energy in <br> <br> Energy-saving way to many, apart from the operation, management problems. <br> <br> (1) summer morning outdoor air temperature is low, .while fresh air and room air temperature is higher, you can use air conditioning new fans and fire smoke exhaust system, air is about a quarter of an hour. This approach has the following benefits: <br> <br> ① pre-boot can .reduce the room temperature to reduce the load on the host. <br> <br> ② keep improving indoor air quality. <br> <br> ③ to check whether the normal exhaust system, work on the fire. <br> <br .> (2) at any time acquire all cold occasions, timely open, stop the wind tank, fan-coil and other equipment, reduce the heat load of the pit, you actually can reduce the power consumption of the unit and terminal device power consumption .. <br> <br> (3) according to temperature changes and changes in cold places, timely open or shut, chillers, air conditioning in the meet the needs of the premise, as few open unit and reduce the run-time units ( .building automation of air conditioning system, after all, most of the rooms also have to rely on artificial to adjust). <br> <br> (4) figuring out the cold reality of the situation, the best opening, outage, in particular .by freezing the circulating water pump playing time, the system's situation is different, its time to master. <br> <br> (5) service inspections, aware of the close Windows and doors leading to the outdoors to prevent leakage of cold and warm .air outside. In particular, on the door of the building facing South more to prevent the hot air entering (summer breeze) <br> <br> (6) summer daily at 4 pm as the temperature is high, you should pay close attention .to the unit operation, timely adjustment unit running, do not wait for the indoor temperature rose, heat load is too large to additional units, so easy to damage the equipment, while increasing energy consumption. Additional units, to observe, when the temperature of .the chilled water backflow to a certain extent, immediately close the additional unit (including appropriate frozen pumps, cooling pumps, cooling fan and into and out of the water valve) to prevent the waste of electrical centrifugal unit more attention should be paid to the surge .of low load. <br> <br> 7 ~ 9, shopping centres, entertainment venues and other places of heat load are large, mainly because it was dark, the day the sun radiation on the surface, the outer wall of the heat dissipation ., as well as the increase of our customers and visitors, leading to elevated temperature with cool places, at which point you should adjust the operating unit. <br> <br> (7) attach importance to the frozen water, cooling water, well .water treatment works. Always check and supervise the work of water treatment company, guaranteeing the condenser, evaporator non-scaling, no dirt, so as not to affect the condenser, evaporator heat effect, increase the power consumption of the host. <br> .<br> (8) regular attention to Central and local weather forecast, daily temperature changes have a pretty good idea, targeted to air conditioning work, coastal Typhoon frequently, more attention to climate change, the timely adjustment unit running at the gateway, downtime ., reducing the power of the group. <br> <br> To implement the above measures, management personnel to strengthen air conditioning theory and hands-on experience to learn and improve, in order to ensure the unit's functioning and efficiency of the device, .you can make a difference in energy saving. Especially for imported central air-conditioning equipment, due to the high degree of automation, easy to make the illusion seem to have a microcomputer control center control, provided by press the button to smooth operations, thereby .ignoring the energy-saving technology in learning and improving, and this should cause sufficient attention. <br> <br> China's accession to the world, people from all walks of life will be more intense competition in the market economy is an efficient economy, .the air conditioning industry to achieve high efficiency cannot be achieved without energy, in the light of the above, central air conditioning chiller energy conservation is a lot to do. <br> <br> <br> <br>.