【 Weak current College 】 refrigeration equipment concepts

Refrigeration equipment:
It should be said, in different industries, refrigeration equipment and refrigerator, chiller, industry cold water aircrew have a very wide range of uses. In the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, almost all of the equipment can be described as refrigeration equipment: for example, cold storage, central air conditioning, compressor, compressor, compressor and refrigerant, air conditioning, refrigerator, air conditioning, activities or even with heat pump water heater, in a sense can be called refrigeration equipment or refrigerator, especially in the broad sense, refrigeration equipment and refrigerating machines both can draw an equal sign. From a strict sense, refrigeration equipment is refrigeration and air conditioning industry very professional to say that this wording in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry that we are professionals know what.
Refrigerator, chiller, industrial chiller is the difference between:
And refrigerator, chiller, industrial water chiller this several references to rule in the non-refrigeration's HVAC industry very much. The development of social life, in all aspects of social life, refrigerator, chiller, industry cold water aircrew have a very large number of uses, and refrigerator, because each industry's starting point and final destination is not the same, so call it with great distinction. As activities can be called cold mounting cold storage, modular prefabricated cold, cold storage, refrigeration equipments, refrigerators, cold water machine, industrial chillers also has a different name, but it is essentially unchanged.
Different industries for refrigerators, cold water machine, industrial water chiller formulation:
For example, in the mould manufacturing, plastic moulding, the refrigerator, chiller, industrial water chiller called temperature; chiller, industry cold water aircrew in plastics, mold applications in many cases, also called laser refrigerator or mold temperature adjustment machine; in 5-7 degrees cold water or below this temperature for many cases of refrigeration, chiller, industrial chillers used for air conditioning, many formed central air conditioner uses; in the electroplating industry put cold water machine, industrial water chiller for cooling, and other effects are known as the refrigerator electroplating industry; in the electroplating industry, refrigeration equipments, refrigerators, cold water machine, industrial cold water machine, industrial water chiller this few words can be independently; but for seafood fresh cold water machine, industrial water chiller will become the industry's seafood machine or seafood refrigerator.
Refrigeration equipments, refrigerators, cold water, industrial water chiller in air conditioning and refrigeration markets:
Air conditioning and refrigeration markets is set in network industries and the refrigeration industry of advantages of refrigeration and HVAC professional Web site, whether in refrigeration, refrigerator, or cold water machine or industrial water chiller which involved industry can easily in air conditioning and refrigeration markets found in the Guide and the product recommender, mining and so on, for refrigeration equipments, refrigerators, cold water machine, industry cold water aircrew of professionalism, also contributed to the decision of the customer element of the deal.

【 Weak current College 】 air-conditioning-learning objectives, priorities and challenges-Power By 【 China power house network 】

First, the learning objectives for the end of this chapter, you should have the following content and knowledge points: ① air composition and State parameters, air-conditioned mandate and role, the air conditioning system of basic structure and working principle. ② air conditioning system of classification. ③ common air conditioning equipment. ④ air conditioning and refrigeration. ⑤ air-conditioning system maintenance and management.
Second, important and difficult ① air conditioning system of basic structure and working principle. ② air conditioning system of classification. ③ common air conditioning equipment. ④ air conditioning system for the maintenance and management.

【 Weak current College 】 on central air conditioning system and energy-saving---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Economic development, civil, public and business building in popularity of central air conditioner, have a serious problem of energy consumption. This article from the wall, air conditioning and heat source, the end of air conditioning, air conditioning water system and air conditioning management aspects raised a number of energy-saving measures and methods. 1, building envelope envelopes, such as walls and the roof have been compared in buildings in General. The following energy-saving aspects of Windows and doors from the elaborate: 1.1 control window wall than through exterior Windows build of heat consumption in occupies a total consumption of Gérard 35% ~ 45% in the guarantee under the premise of indoor lighting; reasonably determine ratio of the wall is very important. As a general rule all toward the window wall ratio shall not be greater than the following numbers: 25%; North East, 30% to 35% in the South. 1.2 improve hermetic room door and ACH from 0.8 h-1 drops to 0.5 h-1, cold consumption of a building can reduce 8%, the design should be airtight good doors and Windows. Installing doors and Windows closed is to improve airtightness of important means. Closed should adopt a flexible sound, with strict, received a strong and durable products. Under Windows, using different seal. If rubber bar, plastic or rubber seal, the combination of its shape can be a bar or a flush. Available paste, packed tight or nail knot method fixed. 2. air-conditioning heat and cold sources central air conditioning energy consumption generally consists of three parts, namely, 1. air-conditioning heat and cold sources; 2. air-conditioning unit and terminal equipment; 3. water or air transportation system. This three-part, heat and cold sources in energy consumption energy consumption accounted for about half of the total energy consumption is the main content of the air conditioning energy saving. Following the ice thermal storage system to host energy-saving. Ice thermal storage system: building air-conditioning cooling load required when all or part of the preparation of non-use of air time, its energy-saving up for air conditioning. The system of the host that the change of total energy consumption is not great, but you can use electricity when low peak electricity, but smaller in height with or without power-balance power peak and Valley-Dutch, slowing the power plant and the construction of supply and distribution facilities, is a recommended method of saving energy. Use cool system, there are two ways to load management strategies can be considered. When the electricity price in different time differences, we can all load transfer to cheap electricity time running. You can choose one can save enough energy to cool the traditional cold water unit, will the entire load to go outside peak, known as "all energy system". This approach is often used for rebuilding project using existing chillers, simply add a cool device and related auxiliary equipment, but be aware that existing chillers are applicable to ice storage system. This approach also applies to special buildings, large cold release required instantaneous, such as the gymnasium building. In the new building, part of the energy storage system is the most practical, is also an investment in effective load management strategies. In the load balanced approach, continuous operation of chiller, it at night for refrigeration and storage, use and storage in the daytime of the cooling capacity for the provision of refrigeration. Will run from 14 hours up to 24 hours, you can get the lowest average load. Required power costs significantly reduced and the chiller cooling capacity can also be reduced by 50-60% or more. By Hangzhou several projects such as: Construction Bank of China Hangzhou branch office building, Hangzhou new King Fuk department store of energy saving practice indicates that the system (economic indicators) in 25-35%. 3 air conditioning units and terminal equipment-madefan-coil and from looking at the overall level of similar foreign products compared to the same, but the comparison with foreign advanced level, the main difference is the power consumption, coil weight and noise. Therefore design necessarily to intended use light weight, unit fan power for cooling (heat) of larger units. Air conditioning units should be chosen unit fan, air pressure, air leak less matches, air transport coefficient of the unit. The following is the air conditioning unit of energy of VAV system: full air conditioning system design of basic requirements is to determine the air conditioning room transporting enough, after a certain deal of air to absorb more heat recovery and indoor humidity, thus maintaining indoor temperatures and humidity. It is the basic formula:-L-air, m3/h; Qq, Qx-air conditioning to absorb all the sensible heat hot heat recovery and heat, W; ρ-air density, kg/m3, desirable 1.2; C-air heat capacity at constant pressure, kj/kg ¡æ, desirable · C = 1.01; in, is — indoor air enthalpy and blast State air enthalpy, kj/kg, tn, ts, — indoor air temperature and air temperature, ℃. As can be seen from the formula, when indoor heat Qx values change and the need to make the indoor temperature tn remains unchanged, air L constant but change in air temperature can also be sent to rheumatism people fixed, changed into the air, that kind of change fixed air supply air temperature of the air conditioning system, typically referred to as fixed air flow system and fixed air temperature, changes in the air conditioning system, referred to as VAV system. For services in more than one room (or range) of air conditioning system, through the air-conditioning equipment in the processed air its supply air temperature must, in order to adapt to a room (or regional) variation of load, often require the establishment and maintenance of thermal devices, to the room (or range) of temperature and humidity in the required scope, otherwise, as to the room (or region) to the air flow is based on their maximum load = air volume and air temperature in the room (or regional) is part of the load, is bound to produce cold phenomenon. Force after cooling to wet processed air is needed to heat treatment, this kind of hot and cold processing of set-off, apparently is a waste of energy. For most comfort air conditioning requirements, and does not require a very strict control of temperature and humidity. VAV system you can overcome these shortcomings, it can change to a room (or regional) in the air flow to meet the needs of local load changes. Of course, the entire system of total air is also changing. Therefore, VAV system is running in an energy efficient air conditioning system. In a large civil architecture, each facing room day maximum load does not appear in the same moment. For constant air flow system, since it sent to the room's airLandscape of the County and the total system is fixed, so only the room of maximum load to design air. The VAV system you can adapt a day in the same time the load towards the room does not have a maximum value, the air conditioning system delivery (actually conveying energy) can be examined by the buildings facing the room between the transfer, thus the total design of air volume and the system can be reduced. In this way, the air conditioning equipment capacity can decrease, can save device costs of investment, but also further reduce energy consumption of the system. 4, chilled water system General conditioning system for the transmission and distribution of electricity, heating in winter period accounted for the entire building dynamic power of 20%-25%; in summer cooling period accounted for 12%-24%, thus saving energy or water systems. Currently, air conditioning water system there are many issues, such as 1. selecting pump is the design value find pump sample nameplate parameter, instead of by the pump performance curve selected pump number; 2. for each water loops to calculating the hydraulic balance. On the pressure differential vastly circuit did not take effective measures, hydraulic, misadjustment phenomenon seriously; large capacity, small temperature difference widespread, design temperature for, generally take back 5 ° c, but the actual summer chilled water system for return water temperature difference better to 4 ° c, poor only 2-2.5 ° c, resulting in the actual flow of water over the design of large 1.5 times so that water consumption has increased significantly. Water system should start from the following aspects: designers should pay attention to the water system design, serious water system design and calculation of the ring road and take the appropriate measures to ensure loop hydraulic balance. Carefully check and calculate the correlation coefficient of chilled water system, the practical implementation of energy-saving design standard value, the active promotion of variable speed pump, winter and summer dual-speed pumps and other energy-saving measures. 5, positive use of soil heat source at present, China's southern region air conditioning system is mainly used as cooling and air-source heat pumps, because of its "outdoor" affected by the ambient air temperature variation of seasonal constraints, in summer cooling load, the greater is the corresponding condensing temperature is higher; it is well known that the refrigeration system cooling water inlet temperature of the host has an important impact on power consumption; General projections, in certain cases, water inlet water temperature by 1 ° c, the compressor power consumption increases as the host of about 2%, improving energy consumption lithium bromide hosts approximately 6%. To do this if you can find a more ideal new heat source forms replaced or substituted the present use of air heat, will undoubtedly have a wide range of applications and significant energy saving effects. And compared to the ambient air on the ground, underground 5 m annual soil temperature stability and approximately equal to the average annual temperature, can be separately in summer and winter seasons offer relatively lower condensing temperatures and high evaporation temperature. Therefore, from the principle, the soil is a better than ambient air heat pump system and heat sources. The study shows that soil heat pump main advantages are: energy saving effect is clear, comparable energy-saving air-source heat pump system is about 20%; buried heat exchanger without defrosting, reducing energy consumption in winter defrosting; because the soil with good thermal performance, and solar combined with improved operating conditions in winter; buried heat exchanger to heat absorption of underground static, reduces the air conditioning system on the ground of heat and noise pollution. So if we can use partial replacement of soil heat pump, the air-source heat pumps must conserve energy with the possibility of forming a new air conditioning products. 6. strengthen the management of central air conditioner uses certain measures to strengthen air conditioning operation personnel training, to improve management quality, air operators operating permit system. The regulation and implementation of energy saving measures, and the operator's technology is directly related to the meeting quality; have the necessary knowledge of refrigeration and air-conditioning; to know according to the outdoor adjustable parameter change; to know how to adjust the will and energy saving. Central air conditioning for metering and charging that is building energy efficiency an essential measures. At present in Europe and the United States and other countries have heat metering is proven technology, according to survey data show abroad: centralized air conditioning metering and charging, the energy saving rate at 8%-15%. Also in the measurement must be made. Energy conservation is key to achieving sustainable development. We need to focus on the total energy consumption of 20% of energy consumption. As an HVAC professional workers, should actively seek all possible restore energy.
Editorial: Feng Rui-Kit

Weak current College】 【energy-saving emission reduction from my start --- Power By】 【China power house network.

<br> Promote the use of energy-saving lamps <br> <br> The use of electronic ballasts in lieu of inductive ballasts, to replace incandescent lamps, energy-saving lamps can save up to 70% to 80% electricity. An energy .saving lamp, 11 Watts of lighting effects, top-up to 60 Watt normal bulb, but every minute than ordinary light bulbs and energy-saving 80%. If you use 12 billion nationwide branch of energy-saving lamps, saving power equivalent to the .annual energy output of the three gorges hydropower plant. <br> <br> Choose the type of air conditioning equipment <br> <br> In the Office building renovation process, a new energy model, instead of the obsolete and air conditioning equipment, .consider using cold water machine with heat recovery, or heat pump units, while in recovery, the recovery of waste heat can be used to hot water heating. Can substantially improve the efficiency of energy use. <br> <br> Installation of automatic control .device <br> <br> In areas of low usage (such as a conference room), in the presence of sensors installed, automatically control the air conditioning on and off. <br> <br> Optimization of energy-using equipment uptime and .parameters <br> <br> In fact, not every device that is used to go to work on, work is off, the device only using a few hours but keep 8 hours or 24 hours of continuous operation. A careful study of all energy .-using devices (don't let go even a little lights) when you must use, when you can reduce the load in use or turned off. <br> <br> Natural cold nighttime cooling room <br> <br> At night ., minimum temperature is lower, ventilate beforehand, using the structure of the building itself is cool. This method in addition to reducing energy consumption, you can maintain good indoor air quality. <br> <br> The transitional seasons depend on fresh air cooling .<br> <br> Most commercial office building due to internal heat source (such as: human, computer, lighting, etc.) during the transitional seasons also require cooling, cooler outside air to satisfy all or part of the cooling needs, thus .reducing system cooling energy is required. This method is also called "cool free air conditioning". <br> <br> Clean air conditioning water system <br> <br> Clean water system to ensure that the chilled water and cooling water heat transfer .efficiency to keep the design State, when frozen water and cooling water temperature deviation of backwater design value (usually 5 ℃), it is necessary to consider whether the problems of water quality. <br> <br> Adjust air pressure balance room micro positive .pressure to avoid large amounts of cold and hot air loss <br> <br> If the building is in a negative pressure operation status, results in outdoor air through the doors, Windows, and other open Office enters the building, thus allowing comfort lower .; and, because of the need to adjust to these air and increases energy consumption. In order to prevent this behavior from occurring, you should adjust the discharge of air inside the building, as well as the fresh air of inhaled air pressure within the floor .remained slightly positive-pressure mode. <br> <br> Avoid the kitchen exhaust fan, coffee fan, normally open, reducing loss of cold and hot air <br> <br> Many buildings, small kitchen and coffee, no independent ventilation system ., working on exhaust fan exhaust hot air when cooking, but non-work time, these queued fan also often is running, when large amounts of cold air will be discharged, cold energy loss. Therefore developed system requirements for the staff of the non- .working time closes the exhaust or exhaust fan installed on the timer. <br> <br> According to the seasons change, reset the frozen water-supply temperature <br> <br> Frozen water-supply temperature of design values in General is 7 .° c, while the buildings of the cooling load in a year, even in a day are changing. In the air conditioning load smaller cases, may be appropriate to raise the frozen water temperature to reduce the energy consumption of refrigerating equipment. When refrigeration equipment .for workload reduction (load reduction, an important marker is chilled water to the water temperature is smaller), at this point, you can try the frozen water-supply temperature a few degrees, while closely monitoring system for building internal cooling capacity. <br .> <br> Refrigerator load reasonable uniform distribution <br> <br> Buildings air conditioning systems generally have a few sets of refrigerator, the ideal configuration is in the air conditioning load changes in the refrigerator is always run in the high area, this requires .the refrigerator capacity should size with reasonable. However some premises in each refrigerator capacity is the same, so most occasions always appear one or more computers run at higher loads. But there is a refrigerator in a lower load run so easily the refrigerator runs in low .areas. So you want to make a reasonable mix of load, load the appropriate increase as the regulation of a lower load on the refrigerator to avoid its load of inefficient zone run. <br> <br>.

【 Weak current College 】 intelligent building air-conditioning automatic control system design-Power By 【 China power house network 】

Intelligent building is the use of system integration method, intelligent computer technology, communications technology, information technology and organic combination of architectural technology, through the device of automatic monitoring, for efficient management of information resources, to provide adequate information services, technical and architectural perfection, so that the owners of the investment, and have a safe, efficient, comfortable, energy-saving, convenient and flexible high-quality environment. Intelligent building is the information society and globalisation is the inevitable outcome, multidisciplinary, integrated high-tech's ingenious, it will become the mainstream of development in the construction industry, its essence is through the integrated configuration structures within the functional subsystem for structured cabling system as a platform to computer network system for bridges, the entire building of efficient management, control, and share.

Air conditioning system in the building's total energy consumption in very large. Therefore, ensure a comfortable environment to people, to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning system, air conditioning system become intelligent building control system an important and essential part. There are statistics, BA system uses the optimal operation of the device number of the control, optimal start and stop control, enthalpy value control, face illuminance control, public area partition automatic lighting control, water supply system pressure control, temperature control and other energy-saving measures can reduce energy consumption by about 20% and, therefore, these initiatives have very important implications.

At present, China's most buildings with conventional air conditioning system is still on the air conditioning system of instruments for monitoring, control and management. As computer technology, information technology and the rapid development of automatic control technology, as well as in HVAC applications, use of the extensive system integration method instead of the traditional instruments, meters, can more effectively control the air conditioning system, improve the performance of air-conditioning system saving energy consumption. While also reducing operational management and administrative personnel's labor intensity. The following works for the author's work, for instance air-conditioning automatic control system design methods for quick analysis.

1. the objectives of the system construction

Building automation system (BAS) design quality is good or bad, is the entire building intelligent structure can truly embody their intelligence and reliability of one of the important factors. Users need more than just a suitable and reliable system, it also should be a combination of openness, flexibility and expandability of advanced systems. Thus, we use from the architectural point of view, in-depth understanding of user needs, improve system design, efforts to make the system meet ① efficient save energy. On the whole floor, air conditioning equipment for monitoring, managing device power consumption of the different period of time so that the system devices always in top running condition, reduce unnecessary waste and to achieve the purpose of saving power. ② substantial savings in manpower. Equipment for simple operation, maintenance, maintenance is to a large number of artificial completed, this work is done automatically by the system control program. ③ extend equipment life. Devices in the system process control, always in top running condition, promptly report equipment fault conditions and treatment, in accordance with running state of printing equipment maintenance report, avoid advance or delay, the appropriate extended equipment maintenance service life, efficiency. ④ security architecture and personal security, system monitoring, but running watch timely detection of failures, problems and accidents, elimination of failures in risk, exclude accidents in prevention, security architecture and security of person.

2. system composition

Building equipment and automatic control (BAS) is a modern computer network technology, control technology, sensor technology and other high-tech product of effective medicine and, therefore, the system can network, control and sensor components and software in three areas.

2.1 network introduction

(1) Web standards and Internet way

Intelligent control system for the use of today's latest I/A system that uses the control bus and now bus level network structure of distributed control systems, use of BACnet and LonMark are open standards communications protocol, so that different systems integration easier.

Control bus connection system file server, monitoring station, a computer system used to work on-site monitoring and field data rollup process saved. Fieldbus connection digital direct controller (DDC), intelligent sensors and actuators for on-site equipment of control and regulation. While the control bus and field bus, use the network bridge (NGS-ETHERNET) Internet, on-site data feed and manual instructions for download. Network bridge can be arranged by data classification, may also be redundant. Control of bus communication speed up to 10Mbps, field bus communication speed up to 78.8kbps.

(2) system structure

The overall management and operations leads the monitoring station, take the overall coordination and management, distributed in various parts of the DDC controller directly with the device connected to the site, the predecessor to install, and on the connected device implementation monitoring and control, the actual realization of DCSC (distributed control). At the same time, I/A system available mobile laptop on controller programming online an in-place nearby, in the network of observation and operations on the node on the network in any of the controller, the system ofdebugging, maintenance and operation and maintenance offers great convenience.

In addition, Lonworks, communication interface, you can easily and building the electromechanical equipment and systems (such as elevators, lighting, energy management, gas, etc.) of network communications, data to arm.

All of the information passing through onsite network, without a computer, central control room of the computer is turned on or not and is not related to the work of the DDC controllers, and does not affect the normal operation of BAS system, avoiding computer centralized control of the risk posed by the concentration. Because of the Fieldbus Communication Protocol using Lontalk, point-to-point communication enables incident action response time significantly shortened, for building control implementation provides a reliable guarantee.
R > 2.2 control and sensor devices

The building control and sensor equipment adopts United States JCI products, this article does not make the introduction.

3. air conditioning equipment management automation

3.1 this building a/c overview

3.1.1 integrated building construction area 45000 square meters, floor 14 layer (local 16 layers), ground floor. Building total height 66 m, is a comprehensive office building, North through the Hall and Auditorium.

Auditorium building area of 2000 square meters and can accommodate up to 1000 people meet and satisfy the needs of medium and dances.

3.1.2 the mansion in HVAC in the following ways, all with air-conditioning. Office building lobby, Conference reception room and report the hall full air conditioning system, the rest are fan-coil air conditioners. Room with three-speed switch control air.

3.1.3 summer cold source electric cooling chillers, winter heat utilization outside the network provided by the Park's plate heat exchanger, supply air conditioning system.

3.1.4 freezing room and uniform heat transfer station is scheduled to set Office building's basement.

3.2 this building of cold, heat source system basic monitoring follows table



3.3 heat system for automatic start and stop order

Open order: hot and cold water valve, cold and hot water pumps, hot and cold water flow switch signal, chiller start.

Close order: chiller, cold and hot and cold water pump flow switch, hot and cold water valve closed.

4. concluding remarks

BA systems engineering field has the following problems:

1) BA system equipment in the domestic manufacturers provide uncommon products.

2) BA systems engineering quality is not high, many reasons, such as design flaws, contractors, owners implementation capacity low purchasing devices that do not implement the interface configuration and BA system acceptance no uniform standards, how to improve the quality of BA system, to be our common efforts.

3) through the design of this project, I feel that to do an intelligent buildings air conditioning

System of automatic control system design and construction must be in different stages the following several aspects:

① actively involved in the project stage design, and implement user-controlled system for more specific needs.

② Learn more about the control object (equipment, the subsystem), performance parameters, control interface and controlled;

③ establish economic and reasonable, energy-saving system control block diagram.

④ Select reliable automation products, supporting air-conditioning equipment do detailed ordering instructions, and manufacturers cooperate to avoid automatic control equipment and air conditioning equipment is not necessary.

⑤ on professional equipment of control, the professional must complement each other, to avoid leaking selected phenomenon and automatic control equipment cuoxuan.

⑥ improve system integrators of deepening the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of security capabilities.

⑦ perfection on automatic control system design, construction and acceptance criteria and specifications.

【 Weak current College 】 Central air-conditioning refrigeration oil usage considerations

1. refrigeration system of lubricant management
1. refrigeration system lubricants should be periodic sampling for laboratory analysis or the colour phase-contrast check, find oil change, you want to find the reasons, and in a timely manner according to the requirements of the processing;
2. refrigeration system the best in each of the lubricating oil all over time, replace the front with a new oil will remain in the system of the old oil all wash;
3, oil change, you should try to drain the oil cooler inch oil. Response to oil and gas recovery unit of precipitation accumulation and rust completely clear, and on oil and oil filter for removing check guarantee replacement lubricating oil clean and pure, digital workflow software unimpeded;
4. does the refrigeration system in the original oil and mix the new oil, which breaking new oil each performance index, affect the life of the unit;
5. replace the new oil brands vary, you should clean the system carefully, otherwise it is difficult to get good results. It is best not to easily change the units used in the refrigeration oil grade;
6, unit outages, as long as the lubricants and refrigerants coexistence scenarios, you should make the oil heater power, temperature control of the scope of the provisions;
7, in winter, the inspection system is not compromised, the refrigerant and oil in the system for the winter, centrifugal chillers (especially R11 centrifugal chillers) should keep electric heater is powered on, ensure that the oil temperature stability in the provision, and the screw and reciprocating chillers can not oil heater power, but the former 12h ~ 24h must start on oil for heating;
8. Prohibition of the use of oil in place of refrigeration oil, engine oil performance is not suitable for low temperature conditions, forced to use easy to damage the unit.

II. identification of lubricant quality changes
As a result of lubricating oil in the refrigeration system in the long term, to withstand various thermal process temperature, the pressure change and refrigerants, water and other substances (such as Non-Condensable gases, seals, organic insulating materials, metal parts, etc.) the quality of interactions, easy to change the oil in a suspended organic acids, polymers, and corrosion products such as metal block, resulting in a decline in the oil surface tension, corrosive enhancements, performance deterioration. Performance transparency for oil, color variation by micro-red becomes reddish-brown. Appears above the new oil must be replaced.
In analysis laboratory capacity, according to the lubricant manufacturers provide oil deterioration judgment check project and parameter values on the use of lubricants for inspection analysis and comparison, where more than index standard should immediately replace the new oil. Since the oil contains, acid or other substances, most of the deposition in oil storage installation (crankcase or tank) at the bottom, so the laboratory analysis of samples should be sampled from the bottom of the storage device.
According to the determination of oil parameters to determine whether to change the oil less convenient, but also analysis laboratory program complex, the vast majority of units units do not have such a means of examination of, and often generating factories under the experience to develop unit oil change. General recommended year-round air conditioning unit, you should change the oil every year. But this approach has a strong experience in judging the nature, quality lubricating oil in correctly reflect the larger error.
A Visual and scientific judgment, easy oil is oil in use color from yellow gradually becomes a reddish-brown, oily gradually by good bad characteristics, producing oil in different quality of the colour spectrum of situations. The Atlas is divided into yellow, Orange, yellow, red, red, Crimson, red, the colour phase soils. Checks, as long as the sampling and mapping phase control on color, like oil and Atlas in which phase of the closest color, then the phase of oil quality grade is the grade of oil quality sampling.

3. Lube storage management
1, lubricants must be stored in a clean, sealed container, the container should indicate the names and brands of oil, and classification;
2, oil containers must be kept in a clean, dry, cool, ventilated room;
3, oil-to-use tools and containers should be kept clean, moisture; different brands of oil in the oil distribution tools should not be used interchangeably, must be used interchangeably, originally used or contaminated oil cleaning with gasoline, dry before for other brands of oil;





Central air-conditioning refrigerant usage considerations
Refrigerants in non-injected front mounted cooling device is the use of steel bottle of refrigerant cylinders, belong to liquefied gas pressure vessel and, therefore, to ensure that the cylinder is fitted with a refrigerant in the use and storage of security, must strictly abide by labor enacted: ' pressure vessel safe supervision regulations ' and ' gas bottles safe supervision regulations ".

1 cylinder requirements
1. open and close cylinder valves should be standing on the side of the slow on-off valve;
2. cylinder valve freezing, the cylinder to move to a warm place, or the use of clean lukewarm water to thaw, is strictly prohibited the use of fire-curing;
3. from the cylinder to the refrigeration unit filled with the refrigerant, they must go through vacuum unit;
4 bottles of gas shall not be exhausted, must have a certain amount of residual stress;
5, use to prevent vertical bottle fell, prohibition of percussion and collision.

Second, to the cylinder filling refrigerant requirements
Refrigeration equipment for refrigerant emissions of non-fault, should generally be discharged into the refrigerant cylinders, this can be left after filling in the refrigeration plant use, avoid wasting; on the other hand, it also prevents discharged into the atmosphere to pollute the environment.
1, used for filling of cylinders in addition to color, logo, etc. to and intended to be in line for filling of refrigerants, also called the safe and effective use period, the appearance shall not be defective, the safety valve parts must be in good condition;
2. the amount of refrigerant filling may not exceed the specified value; cylinders
3. filling the weighing scales must be accurate, but the maximum weighting range should be used in weighing the value of 1.5 ~ 3 times;
4. fill filling recorded and attached to a cylinder, the main contents include: filling time, filling volume, filling-like, steel cylindersNumber, etc.

Third, the refrigerant storage requirements
1, with cylinder storage refrigerant room by the banning of the open fire or heating devices, and natural ventilation should be good or mechanical ventilation installations are set;
2. cylinder vertical drop should tighten the bottle cap, and place the orderly; lying on the head should be in the same direction, stacked in less than five layers and properly fixed to prevent scrolling.

【 Weak current College 】 family buy air conditioning not buy inverter air conditioner

Now inverter air conditioner ad fly, what brand. I think the air conditioner is not necessary to buy inverter air conditioner, their reasons are as follows:

1. the inverter air conditioner does not like the advertisements say that saving energy. In fact, the inverter air conditioner in the frequency converter transform loss of 10% of its motor loss of 5 ~ 10%, the combined loss for 15-20%. Furthermore, the inverter air conditioner starts working properly, it is always running of compressor is its speed with the load varies in size, load much faster, its speed load its speed is slow. It is loads equal to 0, the compressor power consumption is at full load power of more than 10%. In the current energy conservation effect is good, energy efficiency ratio higher than inverter air conditioner is called the "digital" spiral swirl air conditioning, its transform loss of 0%, the only real energy-saving air conditioning. In addition, it was a brand inverter air conditioner's actual detection efficiency ratio only 2.57 ~ 3.0 about digital spiral vortex air conditioning energy efficiency ratio can reach 3.2 above.

II. the inverter air conditioner in the advertisement, in 60Hz ~ 180Hz frequency range can be achieved 120 stepless change, depending on the room temperature needs to adjust. General from takes get room needs temperature level of instruction, to adjust the complete is called a control cycle. While an inverter air conditioner control cycle for 3 minutes. While the above digital scroll spiral air conditioning, it's a control cycle for 10 ~ 20 seconds, and can do load from 10% to 100% of the stepless adjustment. A discerning eye will know, fast temperature, load regulation finally reflected in energy saving, what kind of air conditioning in the current is the best.

III. people live the best is affordable. Inverter air conditioner than traditional air conditioning price point to much higher, generally your 30% to 50% or even reach your 1000 Yuan/Taiwan. Daily use, if the Inverter circuit is broken, it is very difficult to fix, you can only replace a piece, of a few hundred dollars to good. Furthermore, inverter air conditioner daily maintenance costs are higher than traditional air conditioning, she does not come in.

IV. inverter air conditioner in operation, the frequency conversion system with variable frequency signal conversion, will release on the surrounding environment power supply frequency of 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 ... Times of high-frequency harmonics, resulting in reduced power of power factor, the capacitor and transformer overheating in the surrounding of fluorescent or oscilloscope, etc have a flash point above, seriously affect the precision of a precision instrument, even the automatic control system out of control or failure, severe consequences. Internationally, the frequency of electromagnetic interference has been known as a "nuisance", the people to suppress electromagnetic interference and you have to set the screen closed systems, the huge cost price. Therefore, in the computer room, Telecom communications room, television broadcasting stations, airports, military command systems, and so on, are not allowed to adopt inverter air conditioner in General.

The above grounds, inverter air conditioner what kind of an air conditioner, ordinary people have no need to buy? anyway I bought air conditioning is not home buy inverter air conditioner.