Weak current College】 【modular air-source heat pump water flow control technology.

Modular air-source heat pump unit is the individual independence of air-cooled heat pump units grouped together using, modular unit is the commercial air conditioning market sales very good models. It has the advantage that can load circumstances change module unit of quantity or allow the customer to use another unit, the convenience of our customers according to their own funds and use of flexible procurement and use of the unit. In modular air-source heat pump unit of structure, each module has the same caliber of inlet and outlet, modules can simply pipe butt, the installation is easy, since the module machine this special form of module unit of inlet and outlet flow velocities are unsure to module unit control a certain degree of difficulty. Make sure that each module is suitable for water flow is module unit can work necessary to ensure that no appropriate water flow may cause a module unit evaporator ice, condensing pressure is high, the compressor cylinder "bite". For module unit General cooling capacity, in the event of the failure, the brand's reputation will be very large. So the module unit water flow control and protection is very important, appropriate water testing methods and testing parts can guarantee the unit only in system water is greater than the minimum allowable work under water, to a large extent can avoid air-conditioning host fails.

First, the module unit connection pipe design

1.1 module units within the main water pipe layout design

Module unit for pooled between various modules into the outlet, when the connection between the various modules, module-main number is relatively small, the main water pipe can be used with programs layout; if the module number best use with programs layout, so you can ensure that each of the flow between modules.

1.2 module units within the main water pipe water flow control

Module unit in all modules share between the inlet and outlet pipe diameter depends not only on each module cooling capacity size also depends on the entire module is biggest module unit. Usually the main water pipe module velocity control in 0.5 ~ 4m/s within the more appropriate. Because if the velocity is relatively large, the water pipe between modules frictional resistance is large, easily between the various modules of distribution, right of the main water pipe velocity can be ignored in the main water pipe producing pressure drop. If a module of the heat exchanger in the rated flow of the pressure drop for 30kPa, module internal main water pipe pressure drop in 2kPa, each module between water flow almost the same, but if the module internal plumbing of pressure drop over 5kPa, module unit between the water flow deviation may exceed 10 per cent. For heat exchangers in the rated flow of the pressure drop, the greater the need to set the internal pressure of the main water pipe allows larger, the delivery lift of pump.

1.3 module unit system water filter selection and installation

Module unit for pipe diameter is generally relatively large, from the project cost on pipe materials not normally choose to corrosion of copper pipe and other materials, often choose seamless as water pipes in General. The whole water pipes with pipes electric welded connections, the welding process produces a large number of welding slag if not valid. Welding slag once inside the heat exchanger against very large, will likely heat exchanger partially blocked. If the unit heat exchanger using brazing or heat exchanger tube heat exchanger will be very difficult to remove, because both of these heat exchangers are not mechanical cleaning, if you use shell and tube heat exchanger will easier removal of welding slag. If you are unable to effectively clear the heat exchanger of welding slag will cause the water side of local water heat exchanger, at which time the refrigerant side refrigerant flow base maintained, might lead the water temperature has dropped below the freezing point of water even, because the water side of traffic jam down cause adjacent of refrigerant side appears incomplete evaporation, back to the trachea or even freeze Frost, easily is densener. If the heat exchanger local jam light degree of a system's entire water flow without too much change, current protection switch has no effect. And antifreeze protection sensor (inserted into the heat exchanger for internal testing water temperature) are not detected by the lowest temperature, anti-freezing protection and cannot work, terrible thing happened-the heat exchanger Frost until the entire refrigeration system for scrap. In order to prevent the welding slag and other impurities clogging heat exchanger except during construction construction specifications, manufacturers of chillers design process can prevent this from happening.

Water filter is module unit common parts, is the water system is the most critical one of two parts. Select the appropriate water filters can effectively prevent water pipe construction process of impurities into the heat exchanger. Proper water filter mesh size and the form is very critical and should be reserved for the by-pass unit installed into the pipe valve, after the installation is complete before commissioning bypass module unit heat exchangers for water pipes cleaning. At this point in the inlet water filter it is best to use the 100 mesh stainless steel stamping filter, to the end of a water filter mesh size should be larger than 100 mesh (temporary use, open the debugging after bypass valve). If the system has an alternate pump when open main standby pump, the pipes of the maximum flow rate, open 24 hours after cleaning filter. This can be almost all large particle impurities accumulate in water filter, and then replace the water filter to 60 end up debugging.

1.4 module unit selection of plumbing materials

Usually in module unit of water pipeline system host factory used galvanized seamless pipe, pipe in engineering construction site cannot implement zinc plating, forever pipe easy rust corrosion. If the use of corrosion-resistant steel lined with plastic, there would be no pipeline corrosion and welding welding slag produced a large number of blocked pipes, while increasing the installed cost, but greatly reduce air-conditioning unit of repair and maintenance costs, in the life of the integrated costs will be significantly reduced.

2. module unit water detection method

2.1 module unit water flow detection

In module unit control on each module now requires a water flow signal, and only one of the main module needs to flow signal, these two methods in the module unit production plant are used. Each module has a flow signal flow control methodTo compare the true reflection of the module's current situation; if only the main module add flow signal does not really reflect the current per module, for a production plant in terms of such an approach can reduce costs, but for each module, this control method is not ideal.

As a module for water testing is currently mainly two kinds of simple and practical, cost-effective form of detection, target-type flow switches, a pressure differential and flow switches, the following comparison of the two test methods of installing and using properties.

2.2 target-type flow switch installation and use

Target-type flow switch is installed on the target movie, water pipe in pipe flow in water impact target flow sheet of bending deformation, thereby driving the micro switch output control signal to module unit controller advised flow can start unit. Because module unit main water pipe flow velocity in change (increase or decrease in the number of end use), to the target-type flow switch installation to a certain degree of difficulty. Typically target flow plate installation has three conditions: first, it is not an action, the second is stuck in the tube upside not reply, the third is normal. Installation is very good and the pipe diameter and Installer experience very relevant, pipe diameter larger target-type flow switch once installed, the higher the accuracy rate.

Typically target stream tablets not action because the target stream movie installed depth, need to swing or replace the target stream. Many installation workers encounter this situation if you cannot quickly resolve often shorted flow switch or adjust adjusting screw making a module unit loses water protection.

If you are stuck in the pipe not reply often target stream movie is too wide for the sake of the first action is to be stuck in the upper part of the pipe (the situation in small diameter pipes in cold for more), this is to install the provider cannot be found, flow switch also lost its role. If the installation space not enough even if you can work, as the pipes rusty or scaling and so the actual use of smaller diameter, is also possible to make the water flow switch card within the pipe cannot be effective action.

Because module unit in variable number of modules on site, the main water pipe velocity cannot be determined, to the target stream switch installation caused great difficulty, the main water pipe velocity change target type flow switch frequently swing movement reduction; when water mixed with air, the water of air shocks caused by target stream tablets, target flow velocity tablets instantly reset to unit error flow information (to prevent this error usually unit controller delayed processing flow information). At the same target-type flow switch target flow in normal use is prolonged water pressure, easy bending deformation fatigue, especially in the velocity over 3m/s and above their life will be shortened considerably.

If each module needs to flow signal, it is not suitable to install target-type flow switch. Currently, each module Eagle module machine heat exchanger nearest pick module unit main water pipe, it is not possible to provide the installation target flow switch needed before and after the period of a minimum distance of straight pipe, some manufacturers have to give up each module requires a current signal this ideal flow protection method.

2.3 differential pressure flow switch installation and use

Differential pressure flow switch is based on the resistance of the HVAC equipment and flow curve design. We know that the HVAC equipment, heat exchangers, water filters, water pumps and valves, and other devices has its resistance and flow characteristic curve, by testing it at both ends of the poor and out of the water and the device preset values, you can precisely control flow.

Pressure-and target-type flow switch than it is a precise flow control, it has precise flow control value. It can be installed directly in the unit or in a field installation. If the installation of the unit from the pressure differential switch connect two copper tube-heat exchangers and export, import and export of measuring the differential pressure, which is reflected in the flow. But the user does not need to be installed on-site and wiring, which avoids the target-type flow switch installation not accurate result set failed. If installed in a site can use dual set point adjustable pressure differential switch, master from the module into the outlet pipe leads to? 6.35 copper tubes tube nut received pressure differential switch. If the field has a Portable Ultrasonic Flowmeter to measure primary pipe flow better, you can adjust the pressure differential switch for adjusting screw set you need to protect the flow values, if the field does not have this condition, you can also match factory provided by the module combination of main inlet and outlet flow and pressure difference curve, set to the appropriate pressure difference to achieve precise control flow.

While the pressure differential switch another field to adjust the set point can be used as a module unit pressure differential is too large (i.e. module unit internal scaling or jam). Specific method is in normal water flow, adjust the pressure differential switch on the set-point adjustment screws make their closed or the output of the power indication light is on, then slow-in so that the pressure differential switch is off or output led off after 1 ~ 2 laps. That is, if the module unit into the outlet pipe and heat exchanger between the pressure difference is greater than the set value will be issued the alarm message prompts the user to clean the heat exchanger and pipeline.

Differential pressure flow switch with flow control and accurate, the system is no longer the extra resistance, also on the pipe diameter is not required and no flow disturbance interference, and other characteristics, you can replace any form of target-type flow switch as HVAC water system of flow control, relative to the target-type flow switch it to avoid pump cavitation induced false flow (actual velocity is very big, but the water mixed with air and the actual flow rate is not significant), and therefore can be widely used brazed plate heat exchangers, a tube heat exchanger and shell and tube heat exchanger modular air-source heat pump water flow control and also some antifreeze protection features.

3. differential pressure flow switch application in module unit

3.1 water protection and blocking instructions

Use for module machine brazing, heat exchanger tube heat exchanger or shell and tube heat exchanger the pressure differential and flow curve may vary if each module machines use a fixed set-point pressure differential switch that can be tested at the factory to ensure that the configuration of the pressure differential switch protection flow value is appropriate. Recommend disconnecting the flow is greater than the rated flow of 50 per cent reduction in traffic buildingAnd that is less than 80% of the rated flow.

If the module unit only the primary module receives flow signal, you can use adjustable double set-point pressure differential switch. According to the module unit of inlet and outlet pressure drop and flow curve adjustment pressure set value, another set points can be used as a heat exchanger clogged or scaling of indication, on the specific installation location reference chart.

3.2 pressure differential bypass control

In module unit of water systems, usually module unit side water system using fixed water system can guarantee the stability of the module unit operation, the Terminal side water system with variable water system can reduce energy consumption and water pumps for the end of the cold quantity shift between the end of the beginning of a moderate reduction in equipment investment and lower operating costs is very favourable.

In order to meet the module unit side of water control and end side of varying water control, usually uses the pressure differential bypass control method, i.e. the end side of the water changes (i.e. load changes due to end of line capacity and actual load) caused by the pressure difference in charge of road or with change. According to the pump performance curve, if guaranteed main water pipe for back pressure difference, also ensures that the pump flow, likewise the water flow into the unit does not change.

Double set point pressure differential switch can be applied to water system control variable for the return pipe pressure difference between that when poor water pressure for back over the pressure differential switch high limit set point, the pressure differential switch output of high limit and C-closed NO so that the floating point control of electric by-pass valve door opening action to reduce the implementation for the return pipe pressure difference between; as for the return pipe pressure difference between lower than the pressure differential switch lower limit set point, the pressure differential switch lower limit output NO C-closed, and the floating point control of electric by-pass valve performs shutdown actions. As for the return pipe pressure difference between between the pressure differential switch high limit and lower limit set point, the floating point control of electric by-pass valve not action to maintain a constant flow rate to maintain a constant differential pressure. Double set point pressure differential switch can be a floating point pressure differential bypass controller, by adjusting the pressure differential switch height limit set points, you can resize a floating belt, much better than previous pressure controller switch quantity control method.

IV. concluding remarks

In module unit each module uses the pressure differential switch or a main module using the pressure differential switch, are very good results, especially in the modules have been added or deleted from the main water pipe velocity change and water pipes have a small amount of air pressure differential switch work very stable, not appear similar to the floating target flow switches, after repeated testing action and reset flow all have clear flow of value, than the target stream more exceptional performance.

【 Weak current College 】 various types of heat exchanger description and advantages

1, BLL double spiral corrugated tube heat exchangers, heating medium in the tube into a Helix Mobile Forms, undermine the pipe wall of dielectric films, increasing the heat transfer surface heat transfer. Its heat transfer mechanism and fluorescent tubes and other forms of heat-transfer element are markedly different.
L the heat exchange efficiency is significantly improved because of the heat exchanger tube with heat conductive best copper tube production, the heat exchange efficiency than other than shell and tube heat exchanger, heat increases 3 ~ 5 times. In the steam-water heat exchanger, heat transfer coefficient K value in 4500 ~ 6500W/m2? ° c, between the water-water heat exchanger, heat transfer coefficient K value of 3200 ~ 5000W/m2? ¡æ.
Easy scaling
Due to the copper tube by a special process, in the course of their work, copper tube heat shrinkable extension so that dirt film peeling, preventing the fragmentation of scaling phenomenon.
High security performance
For tubes with thermal compensation ability, in the heat transfer process in a fixed performance is fine, you can reduce stress, the tube sheet and tube expansion interface is not easy to leak.
Installation flexibility
The device has a vertical, horizontal two structural type, can adapt various occasions to use, convenient and flexible.
This heat exchanger is GB150-1998, GB151-1999 page〈 page〈 steel pressure vessels > "and" page〈 tube-shell heat pressure vessels > > manufacturing, inspection and acceptance of, the safe, reliable, high-performance, is today's most outstanding new product. 2, SFP, LFP-floating coil heat exchanger and a half that is hot heat exchanger is adapted to modern needs developed a new kind of heat exchanger. It is the heating of water stored in the shell, htm (steam or hot water) in the control coil, it belongs to a limited water injection of heat exchanger, has less water injection (injection 1-3 minutes in water), but it can prompt supplemental heat. Due to the heat exchanger with high heat transfer efficiency, heat exchanger htm temperature regulators of imports must be installed to control the heat medium and heat water temperature, especially hot water supply systems, temperature control is even more important. Automatic descaling
Heat exchanger of spiral coil in htm temperature, pressure and centrifugal force, as well as heating water flow dynamic impulse, so that the coil around floating freely up and down, and the high frequency vibration, can scale easily glued in tube arm, automatic, automatic descaling. But in some parts may still be some scale cannot fall off per year should once Pipp, you can use hot water shock method, as follows: 1) put the net in the Shui shell. 2) close out of the inlet. 3) open into the steam valve and condensation water valve exhaust water NET pipe memory, and then close the condensation water valve, approximately 5-6 minutes to suddenly shut down into the steam valve, open cold water valve and the valve at the bottom of sewage, heating cooling Abscisic suddenly turned off at the same time, the continuous scale 5-6 times, then all rows of the net.
Energy-saving effect significantly, as htm in the tube is heated water in the shell, shell surface temperature is low, the thermal losses, energy conservation, especially the steam-water heat exchangers, cooling water temperature low, greater energy efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution. 3, BBR (BR) plate heat exchanger structure is relatively simple, it is made of plates, gasket, fixed clamping plate parts, among which the plate made of imported stainless steel plate, gasket with Sino-American joint venture production of Parker pad. The main technical indicators have reached domestic advanced level, and in many respects quite similar foreign products.
High heat transfer coefficient
Plate heat exchanger does not exist, bypass, plate corrugated makes fluid in smaller velocity turbulence under, so the higher heat transfer coefficient, usually 3000-7000W/㎡? ° c, while the turbulence and self-cleaning effect to prevent the formation of fouling.
Small footprint
Plate heat exchanger is compact, in thermal equivalent conditions, the space of only shell and tube heat exchanger 1/2 ~ 1/3.
Resistance losses small
In the same heat transfer coefficient, the plate heat exchanger flow through a sensible choice, resistance losses can be controlled in the shell and tube heat exchanger 1/3 range.
Small heat loss
Due to compact structure and small size, heat exchanger surface area is very small, so the heat loss is small.
In the same heat transfer quantity premise, because the above advantages, makes the equipment investment, infrastructure investments, power consumption, and other costs reduced, especially when you need to use expensive material, because of high efficiency equipment and sheet thin, more economic. 2. heat exchanger design and calculation
1. performance parameters calculation values:
1) heating steam General press pressure of saturated steam 0.4MPa table.
2) water is heated by conventional heating 70 ~ 95 ° c and the air conditioner 50 ~ 60 ° c, as well as water for 5 ~ 60 ℃.
3) heat transfer calculation of K value is by canal water flow rate is not lower than 0.5m/s calculated value, it is recommended to choose velocity 1-1.5m/s heat transfer coefficient K value increases also.
2, the thermal calculation formula:
Heat transfer equation
Q=K?△T?F
-The total amount of heat transfer in q MW/kcal/h
Heat transfer coefficient K express W/m2? ° c
¡÷ T represents a logarithmic temperature ℃
1)-T1 represents htm inlet temperature ℃
Type T2 said in a outlet temperature ° c hot matchmaker
Type t1 that is heated in the media inlet temperature ℃
Type t2 that is heated in a media outlet temperature ℃
2) heat transfer coefficient K value calculation is based on the thermal test report of the total heat transfer quantity Q/¡÷ T? F calculation of accurate values (thermal test tube flow less than 0.8m/s)
Calculate the k-value, in steam ~ water exchange when the steam temperature: 131 ° c, water is heated to 60 ° c 18 ~ the heat transfer coefficient K gravity(25℃) > 3500kcal/© o h ¡æ 4100W/© o £ ©
In water-water heat exchanger in K gravity(25℃) > 2800kcal/© o h ¡æ 3300W/© o £ ©
3) tube pressure drop calculation
△P=（△Pt+△Pr）×1.1
P-△ said shell-total pressure dropBR > △ Pt said tube shellside
△ Pr represents the pressure tubes section that force the heat transfer resistance 1.1 coefficient-N represents the tube chengshu
G represents the weight of the flow tubes (N/m2/h)
R indicates that the hot water of severe (N/m3)
G represents the gravitational Acceleration (g = 1.27 × 108) (m/h2)
Di represents inner diameter (m)
Tube length l (m)
3) tube box pressure drop △ Pr = 4G2N/2gr III, pump selection, configuration, and other
This heating unit, in addition to the heat exchanger is strict, the circulating pump, fill the pump selection is extremely important. The design of the heating unit, the installation process, engineers according to customer's actual situation, not only makes the pump head and flow, motor power, NPSH and many other factors, and the customer's actual situation adapted??

Weak current College】 【the air conditioning with cooling technology law questions and answers (1) --- Power By】 【China power house network.

<br> Questions in part a, judgement (picture of growth, the wrong picture H) 1, in the same initial, final State, the irreversible process of change is greater than the amount of reversible processes of change. (X) 2, .reversible process must be permitted static process. (Growth) 3, for the opening of the refrigerants of enthalpy represented as refrigerant flow and the total energy of the transfer. (X) 4, the compressor suction outlet steam quality smaller vent steam quality volume. .(X) 5, wet steam, the greater the dryness x, wet steam from dry saturated vapor line distance. (X) 6, the refrigerant vapor pressure and temperature is a one-to-one relationship between. (X) 7, low .temperature heat source, the lower the temperature, the higher the temperature of the high temperature heat, refrigeration cycle refrigeration, the higher the coefficient. (X) 8, isobaric process variable exponent n = 0. (Growth) 9, adiabatic process in the .system and the outside world without heat exchange processes of variation in entropy Δ S = 0. (Growth) 10, ideal gas, energy and gas temperature, quality is directly proportional to the volume. (X) 11, thermal process, the size of .the work and process regardless of the way, just the initial, final State. (X) 12, gaseous refrigerant condensers condense liquefaction process is fixed temperature constant pressure process. (Growth) 13, the first law of thermodynamics is the essence of the conservation .of energy. (Growth) 14, reversible heat engine efficiency higher than non-reversible heat engine efficiency. (X) 15, although non-equilibrium system is not balanced State, but its status is OK. (X) 16, spontaneous process is .not reversible and non-spontaneous process is reversible. (X) 17, as long as no volume change, external devices may not work. (X) 18, the same latent heat of vaporization of azeotropic with pressure increases and decreases. (Growth) .19, describes the physical state of the system is known as the state parameter. (Growth) 20, system from one State to start experiencing a series of state changes and return to the initial state, the closed thermal cycles known as thermal process. ( .Growth) 21, liquid at any point within the static pressure has nothing to do with the role of surface orientation. (Growth) 22, in order to overcome local resistance and consumption of quality fluid mechanical energy, called along the losses. (X) .23, different diameter, different physical properties of fluids in the critical Reynolds number flow velocity is basically the same ReC. (Growth) 24, works on Reynolds number ReC to identify fluids flowing, Re <2000 to turbulence. (X) 25, .the size of the heat transfer and heat proportional to temperature, and heat resistance inversely. (Growth) of thermal conductivity, heat transfer with 26, convection and radiation heat transfer in three ways. (Growth) 27, the hydrostatic pressure distribution and container shapes .and sizes. (X) 28, unit volume and the quality of the fluid has called the severe fluid. (X) 29, fluid density ρ countdown is fluid quality volume υ. (Growth) 30, fluid flowing in the pipeline. Along the .Canal radial branch into many flow velocity layers, Centre, maximum pipe wall velocity is zero. (Growth) 31, fluid at any point within the direction of the size of the static pressure. (X) 32, fluid flow layer resulting in internal friction .is sticky. (Growth) 33, to the level of outside pressure energy equivalent to liquid internal transfer in all directions. (Growth) 34, table pressure on behalf of a fluid in the actual pressure at the point. (X) 35, table .pressure is absolute pressure and local atmospheric pressure. (X) 36, fluid loss and along the length of the pipe, also known as proportional to the length of the loss. (Growth) 37, hot and cold two fluids in direct contact with a .heat exchanger is called mixed-type heat exchanger. (Growth) 38, R717 refrigerant R12 is a high temperature and low pressure, refrigerant. (X) 39, freon in destroying the atmosphere's ozone layer. (X) 40, mixed refrigerant has azeotropic .solution and non-azeotropic solution. (Growth) 41, freon is chemically stable, not combustion and explosion, no corrosion of metal, insoluble and oil. (X) 42, the Montreal Protocol developed in 2030, deactivate the excessive sexual material HCFCs. .(Growth) 43, binary solution of the constant pressure of vaporization process is the cooling process, but its constant pressure condensation process is the warming process. (X) 44, absorption refrigeration uses refrigerants "on", a boiling point lower substance known as .absorbents, boiling substances known as refrigerants. (X) 45, brine of solidification temperature with its salt quality score increases. (X) 46, refrigeration compressors used in the refrigeration oil cannot be used in place of the universal engine oil. (Growth) ., no. 47, national standard N32 refrigeration oil viscosity grade is equivalent to the old standard 18, refrigeration oil, (growth) is 48, R12, R22 CFC substances belong to the category of substances HCFC, HFC R134a belonging to such substances. ( .Growth) 49, CFC, HCFC substances on atmospheric ozone is due to the damage, and type of material to the HFC ozone is due to the destructive effect. (Growth) 50, market sale of so-called "non-fluoride refrigerator" is .no freon refrigerator as refrigerants. (X) 51, R134a and R12 of thermodynamic properties, in the proximity of the refrigeration appliance used R12, R134a R12 substitution can be used without requiring any changes to the device. (X) 52, specific heat capacity .is a measure of the refrigerant properties, one of the advantages and disadvantages of important indicators. (Growth) 53, LIBR aqueous solution of the higher the temperature, the stronger the absorption capacity of the steam. (X) 54, LIBR aqueous solution of .the higher the temperature, the stronger its corrosive. (Growth) 55, on a steam compression refrigeration cycle, the throttle supercooling refrigerant of before can improve circulation of refrigerating factor. (Growth) 56, on a steam compression refrigeration cycle, and suction superheat .can improve circulation of refrigerating factor. (X) 57, in steam compression refrigeration system, you can use recuperator to improve its efficiency. (X) 58, condenser, evaporator temperature increases, its spread, the more caloriesSo, the refrigerating factor. ( .X) 59, vapour compression refrigeration cycle, when evaporation temperature does not change, the condensation temperature, cooling capacity will decrease power consumption will increase, is reducing refrigeration factor. (Growth) 60, steam compression refrigeration cycle, when the condensation temperature, evaporation .temperature decreases, the cooling capacity will decrease power consumption will increase, reducing refrigeration factor. (X) 61, vapour compression refrigeration system, the compressor suction superheat with certain refrigerant vapour, prevents the occurrence of wet compressed. (Growth) 62, in the .use of freon refrigerant in the refrigeration system, be sure to install the dryer, (growth) 63, in the use of ammonia as a refrigerant in the refrigeration system, make sure you do not have to be drier, (growth) 64, just .know that the temperature of evaporation, condensation temperature, can be used in the refrigeration pressure enthalpy diagram on steam compression refrigeration cycle theory (saturated). (Growth) 65, because ammonia and water miscible, therefore there is no need to control ammonia water content .. (X) 66, absorption chiller of refrigerants is boiling point different substance refrigerants pairs, where the low-boiling material for refrigerant, high boiling point of the absorbent. (Growth) 67, LIBR absorption chiller is LIBR in refrigerant. (X) .68, LIBR absorption chiller of evaporating temperature must be higher than 0oC. (Growth) 69, LIBR absorption chiller with vapor compression refrigerator (water-cooled) cooling capacity is the same, they are basically the same volume of cold water. (X) .70, refrigerant liquid cooling is designed to reduce the production of Flash units for gas and thereby increase the cooling capacity. (Growth) 71, single-stage ammonia absorption refrigeration system solution pump is the refrigerant vapor. (X) 72, absorption refrigeration, .absorbent by absorption refrigerant solution, second solution to mix. (X) 73, LIBR absorption chiller in generator heating LIBR aqueous solution, the solution of water heated to boiling only 100 oC becomes a gas. (X) 74, semiconductor refrigeration efficiency low, .refrigeration temperature for less than 0 oC following temperature. (X) 75, evaporator is the refrigerant saturation. (Growth) 76, compressed refrigerant requirements "dry compression", is a must in the dryness line x = 1 and compressed. (X) .77, air moisture content is the content of water in the air. (X) 78, dry air in nature, does not exist, the air is humid air. (Growth) 79, at a certain temperature, the amount of water vapor in .the air in the House only has a maximum value. (Growth) of 80, the lower the relative humidity of φ, indicating the extent of the moist air drying. (X) the greater the 81, relative humidity, the air φ moisture absorption .capacity. (X) 82, absolute humidity ρ v describes the air contained in the actual amount of water vapor in the air conditioning works in greater use of ρ v this parameter. (X) 83, relative humidity reflect the humid air deviation from saturation .level and size of hygroscopic capacity. (Growth) 84, dew point temperature is of moist air becomes saturated when temperature, air start dew temperature. (Growth) 85, moisture content of water vapour partial pressure d and Pv is both independent of humid air .thermal parameters. (X) 86, saturated air dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature and dew point temperature are equal. (Growth) 87, wet air enthalpy includes sensible heat and latent heat. (Growth) 88, when the temperature t .rise, wet air enthalpy h must increase. (X) 89, in air handling process to transfer heat to the air terminal State and the initial state of enthalpy difference. (Growth) 90, when t rise, wet air enthalpy h increase, or .decrease depending on how the d. (Growth) 91, moisture content d and B the atmospheric pressure must be set according to the different B values to choose different psychrometric chart. (Growth) 92, dew point temperature is wait enthalpy line and saturation line .intersection corresponds to the temperature. (X) 93, wet-bulb temperature and dew point temperature of trajectory is φ = 100% saturation line. (Growth) 94, initial state and the final State has different air state change process, as long as .the ratio of heat and moisture are the same, change the direction the process is different. (Growth) 95, mixed status point C of the blend State of the connection before the two split into two segments of length, and participate in two gas mixture .is proportional. (X) 96, low efficiency filters can filter out the air 1 ~ 10 μ m. (X) 97, air dew-point temperature with the relative humidity increases, relative humidity, dew point temperature is lowered. (X) .98, refrigeration compressor lubrication is relying on the pump's work. (X) 99, small hermetic reciprocating compressors and rotary compressor shell internal belongs to the area of low pressure. (X) 100, reciprocating compressor belonging to volume compressors. (Growth) 101 ., a spiral-screw compressors is constituted of yin and Yang rotor. (X) 102, screw compressor with simple structure, Screw Machining accuracy requirements are not high. (X) 103, centrifugal compressor does not belong to the volume of compressors. ( .Growth) 104, screw compressors, centrifugal compressor can realize stepless energy regulation. (∨).

Weak current College】 【Hitachi elevator computer by elevator failure severity is divided into five categories:.

The first type: the most serious faults, Elevator stop now, no longer start, but if you are in the entrance area of the switch. Usually such failures include: safety device failure, communication between the host computer failure, the main circuit overcurrent, overvoltage and cabin and control screen of serial communication failure. The second category: operation of elevator stop now, but you can restart, do one of the low-speed self-help to low-speed operation of elevator to the most recent layer opens the door to release passengers. If sync location error, elevator to run to the end at low speed, auto-correction level synchronization. Such failures are: deceleration exception, synchronous position error, computer selected layer for counting errors, forced deceleration switch stick death, etc. The third category: operation of elevator immediately to the nearest station is docked, stop after no longer start. Such failures are: flat layer of long, high power transistor heatsink overtemperature, etc. Category 4: parallel or group control system failures, etc. Such a failure occurs, the elevator automatically clears the parallel or group control management system and become independent operation of the lift and carry out assistance services. Category 5: belong to small failures, faults with contingency, automatic discharge after may, on the safety and the overall effect of subtle run. For this type of failure record computer only and not to take action. Such failures are: open, closed, start frequency overload, failure load compensation, etc.

1. important signal of safety testing

Elevators are important safety signals such as safety clamp switch, security window switch, sedan and car top emergency stop switch, limit switches, Builder switching components of emergency stop signal, and the door interlock switch, compulsory deceleration switch, limit switches etc are sent separately by FIO Board and Deputy Principal computer-computer. The host computer through the parallel communication between the exchange of information, as long as one of the parties do not receive a signal, or compare two parties in the communication signals of different will make an immediate emergency stop or elevator for phase is processed. 2, relay, contactor fault detection

Relays and contactors in the PC-driven suction or release, or if you contact adhesive does not snap-action action, it is possible that the elevator is not working, or even cause a major accident. So for important devices, their contact signal back to computer, computer in driving their pick-up or release, the judgement whether the action of the device, can figure out a good pick-up failure or fault free. This class of devices such as door interlocking relay, main circuit contactor, brake contactors, etc.

3. main circuit fault detection

The main loop detection includes over-current, over-voltage, under-voltage, etc. Overcurrent detection is accomplished through the DC circuit on the Hall-current transformer, detects the current with the given values are compared to determine whether the overcurrent. Over-voltage, under-voltage detection is in DC circuit set voltage detection points. Located over voltage, under voltage comparison circuit, the elevator runs, the DC circuit voltage must be within two comparison circuit set value range. Exceeded, the excess voltage; below the set value is less voltage. In the elevator when idle, microcomputer systems can also be detected on the capacitor, at this point, bring lifts ban on running for a few seconds, the exciting current of the motor to join, capacitor discharge by the motor, the voltage should be reduced, if the capacitor voltage does not decrease, then the capacitor is damaged.

4, computer communication review

Computer communications, regardless of the cabin and control screen of serial communication, or main, Deputy parallel communication between computer, each batch of data communication with data issues a different code, communication back and forth in time, if the emitted code and receive code will be similar to processing: serial communication can give up a batch of data, but as long as the two would make the elevator stops; parallel communication only once is the elevator stops running.

5. run direction detection

Pulse encoder with motor rotation produces two phase Pulse, direction distinguishing circuit detects the direction of the operation of the elevator. If the computer running direction instructions issued and direction distinguishing circuit is different, namely judgment to reverse running, lift immediately stop, record-keeping by computer malfunction, Elevator can no longer start, even if they pull off the power switch does not start again. Must be in fault is corrected, the Qing dynasty to fault logging can be up and running.

6, rotary encoder fault detection

For some device fault detection, you can set the time value judgment. Rotary encoder fault method: elevators Starter runs, a certain amount of time has not received pulse input. Of course, did not receive a pulse of reason does not uniquely identify a pulse encoder problems, but in the field of fault detection, General guidelines is to confirm the computer system itself is normal, as on the external device to be checked.

7, save multiple

Elevator operation fails and the emergency stop, if the category is not high, the computer will make the elevator to driving-speed run self-help, to leveling area release passengers, then resume normal operation. If by chance, the elevator will return to normal operation; if the cause of the malfunction, self-help occurs again. In a specified time, the number of occurrences of self-help exceeds a certain value, will judge for ourselves into multiple, smaller high school class of fault, the elevator stops running.

8, hyper-dynamic frequency overload

If in a specified time, the number of elevator frequently starting, exceeds a certain value, the judgment is starting frequency overload. At this point by the microcomputer control, elevator will automatically reduce the frequency, extension running on each floor of the stop time, protect the system. At the same time credited to fault table, indicating that the elevator has been overclocked degrees.

9, vice principal, mutual seizure of computer rooms

As a result of the master, Deputy in the elevator computer structure, work process, master, Deputy microcomputer mutual checks. If one computer has failed and the bogs, another computer will crash a computer and then start. If it works, the elevators continue to run unaffected, but the failure will be logged. But if over a certain period of time exceeds a certain number of stops, you go to high school classes of failure, the elevator at the final standing flat layer, open the door back can no longer start, and must beMaintenance personnel checked.

Weak current College】 【Mitsubishi common failures and resource collection (4) --- Power By】 【China power house network.

<br> Door panels have a problem ...?< br> Door Board adopts voltage speed control for 3 phase control, and close the door after one of decompression phase through resistance continued to maintain a small torque to prevent the door was open, .this is the Mitsubishi spvf ladder runtime always closes the signal output, but also because this door plate permanent jobs, to door machine board electronic devices require a high level, door position signal through a grating plate to sampling. Grating plate position is very important, .although it seems to be dead, or you can fine tune, in short, in the course of the switch, you must see the LED lights-off-off-off-off process, otherwise the elevator door looks normal, real in Terminal motor .also then run for a long time, door panels will be ruined. Door Board unless the full intake can no longer use, or a good repair, see the Red modules, usually this thing doesn't work, he is ok. <br> .<br> A run is self-insured ...?< br> General elevator has a fault inspection system, a run on only the fault itself at run time before it was checked out, such as elevator overcurrent, coder no output, drag .the data do not match, and so on, because the earlier elevator cannot memory fault, so each time after power failure occurred a run is self-insured. On this failure, we'll find a captive insurance reasons, in the absence of maintenance .machines, we first look at the encoder, the output of the encoder in motor rotation is 2.5v AC, stopped the voltage should be less than 1VDC, no problem if the encoder, external wiring is normal and may cause overcurrent, the outputs may be .really over current, such as motor over-current, Elevator overload, current detection unit (dc-ct). In E1 Board we can detect the ct of bias, if it is not, you need to adjust the OFS potentiometer dc-ct, .how to adjust the SPVF installation manual records. <br> <br> Half open door ... again? <br> This is a very simple question, is listed here, because this kind of failure frequency is too high, General door safety .edge connector because the door is often broken or short circuit the games, such as door movement safety edge connection when broken when pass because making solid door off the part and open. <br> <br> Write to a floor indicates not blinking .. ..? <br> In debugging and maintenance we often have to write the floor height, actually writes the number of floor impulse, deceleration point location. If you write floor indicates no blinking or flashing stop flashing after the data is not entered, this usually .is due to the Mun signal and forced reduction is not working properly, one-way forced deceleration signals have forced floor 1, Mun is the key to great sampling floors, some overseas Mitsubishi Mun signal 2, a push for relay, a type of computer ., do not see the DZ relay or computer Board of DZ lights that Mun signals properly. <br> Nine. GPS-2 How to cancel within a layer of elevators? <br> Solution: change the CC2 <br> <br> X .. a Mitsubishi sp-vv (A) the elevator, functioning properly, sometimes flat layer back door driving only 10-30 cm, then the floor indicates flashing, stop, power PLC scanning back can sometimes last for a few days can only be used .for a few hours recently more and more frequently. does the fault the master is there problem Ah?? Other: sometimes 1DV display fault 35 what is the meaning of? there is a problem with the encoder? <br> Workaround: display 35, .is running behind the set speed. <br> You put the encoder shell it down, use a soft cloth notes, it is best to change my coder, but very few of the encoder in West Germany. <br> There is no scan PLC ., is the inner self. <br> <br> 11. the failure of two GPS-3 somewhat like you, I is two parallel which one occurs every three layer automatically quite a ladder, basement and no one will own creatures, to independent .does not show every outbound / f, soon to Flash a bit like a fan red light, in the end we have failed the parallel communication cable pulled from Groove to and swap it Jack no faults, we now suspect that may be the line out of .the question <br> <br> 12. a Mitsubishi SPVF elevator door not occurred (cannot open or shut, but door motor with power pass, just can't), control cabinet for door signal, manually close the door after the elevator to .go ladder, check the door motor third root line voltage respectively 56, 28, 28, door machine knife switch voltage-105 <br> Solution: fault attributable to the control cabinet have a socket in a thread not good (PIN), is the .UK socket <br> <br> 13. Mitsubishi SPVV-A elevator, recently appeared on days of recoil. Trouble phenomenon: the elevator 10 layers, 1.75m / s. I have registration room observation and 7 floors and 10 floor, lift up .display 1 / f, unchanged until the recoil is displayed as 10 floor. <br> Solution: this failure is due to the encoder encoder caused by dust on the <br> <br> 14. a GPS-II elevator, when the elevator .up to the speed of each layer, the motor will give "OM" in a very nasty. especially reach the top floor of a more serious is normal, the downlink. <br> Solution: the worm in a bearing is broken, with the .naked eye cannot see, only changed a try to know the elevator traction machine has four bearings, couplings, next to the bad, and the model is 6311Z. <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> .15. Mitsubishi GPS-2 (EF-cannot restart) panic fault, Elevator random floors flat layer position, no floor displays, cannot call in, sedan lights fan radio, control screen failure code (EF-cannot restart), safety circuits, weighing .device, parallel, room temperature and heat dissipation are normal, the failures have occurred in the middle of the morning less elevator usage, fault frequencies 1-2 times a day, press the emergency stop or maintenance after reset normal use for a period of time ., sometimes panic after La electric transmission continuous panic <br> Solution: check forLeveling sensors bad <br> <br> 16. Mitsubishi HOPE fault for help, HOPE a Mitsubishi elevator car lighting does not shine, LCM pick-up, if not pick .-up, relays LCM elevator car illumination light, inspection line, no problem hasn't been investigated and dealt with the problem <br> Solution: the door panels of the Hibernate feature problems. don't relay line so that it is received by .it but not why. hibernation. heat exchanger plates! that often the fault <br> <br> 17. <br> <br> Mitsubishi Mitsubishi elevator is GPS in recent years, mainstream products, launched a gps respectively, gps-2, .gps-cr, gps-3 ... <br> <br> Dov <br> Main loop belt lights <br> <br> 29 <br> Safety circuit <br> <br> 89 <br> Automatically or run < .br> <br> Dz <br> Mun led <br> <br> 41dg <br> Door shut down lights <br> <br> 60 <br> Automatic status <br> <br> Pp <br> Phase (acr .) lamp <br> <br> Up <br> On the run <br> <br> Dn <br> Next run <br> <br> 21 <br> Door instructions <br> <br> 22 <br> Closing .instruction <br> <br> Dwdt <br> Deputy computer running <br> <br> Cwdt <br> Primary computer running <br> <br> 1.Stuageempty no failure: no fault occurs to the display when you show it. .2.A-NEG <A-MAXDECELERATING/A-NEG determine scope than INSTALLATION / A-MAX given scope small .3. PHASEFAILURE elevator starts or stops when the wrong phase .4. PHASEFAILURE elevator runtime error phase .3 and 4: .If the INTERFACES / QUIT to AUTOMAT, phase adjust elevator can automatically start running .5. TEMPMOTOR motivation temperature monitoring (by P1.P2 access) in the event of an outage over heat .6. TEMPMOTOR motor temperature control at run time to overheat. .5 and 6 comparison: If the INTERFACE / QUIT to AUTOMAT, motor cooling can automatically restore running .7. V1 ... V3V1 faster than V2 small or smaller than V1 V2 degrees .8. WRONGDIRECTION cabin in the error direction running a certain distance ..9. NOSTARTING in monitoring ZA-INTER/T-GUE anti-controlled signal, Control Panel did not accept that any feedback signal .10. NOSTOPING although brake has closed the mechanical brake contactors "MB" elevator did not stop .11. RV1ORRV2 .simultaneously both directions of operation signal .12.RV1/RV2MISSING not set direction signals .13. tachodropout lifts start or run no speed feedback signal .15-19 .. Has reached the minimum value of the range, you should increase the value of the .corresponding option content .20. EEPROMERROR controller content are wrong, contact with ZIEHL-ABEGG .21. EEPROMcleard controller's entire contents be rubbed off, and you want to write again by the manufacturers; the information in the control panel software is different in the new .digital display instead of .22-25. has reached the maximum allowed value, decrease the value of the corresponding option content .26. v3 page <1.5v-nentravel/v3 values may not exceed the value of the INSTALLATION / V-NEN 1.5 ..27.! SWITCHOFF! control screen required off short stated short-run .28. SHORTTRAVELOFF? could not be achieved at input "V-ZE3" input has been erased "V1" value .29. POWERSTAGE motor and POWERSTAGE (IDV) join .still in test was not closed state .30. VZ page <V-3TRAVELING/VZ option value than TRAVELING/V-3 value small .31. V-ZTOOSMALL reached the limit line .32. STOPINPUT! while changing the contents of an option ., you receive the run command .33. TEMPCONTROLLERIDV POWERSTAGE temperature monitoring on overheating .34. DRIVEWITHBREAK downtime (mechanical brake shut "MB" actions), the elevator is still running, that is, with brake run .35. N-PROG> .> N-REAL elevator failed to follow the given speed run .36. N-PROG <<N-REAL actually faster than the set speed much higher rotational .37. MTRSTILLTURNS motor also, despite mechanical brake (relay "MB" .control) 38.FALSEROTFIELD power cord not received on the phase, the Control Board and power supply the corresponding two-line you want to change my. attention to two pieces of hard Board with connected .39. PARA-CHANGE? option content running was .changed .40. MOTOR-CHANGE? running, second Motors replaced. <br> <br> 18. Mitsubishi SP-VF calls for help, I have a computer in the normal elevator broken. all are bright in the selected button, walk to .lifts layer with a layer of stops, just keep the layers and bright, the elevator is duplicate go <br> Solution: put the cabin manipulation disk moved to room try there is no problem, everything is normal, I set the plate in the back .of the car in all normal problem solved. It is estimated that the cabin manipulation disk serial interface has had a bad contact. <br> <br> 19. Mitsubishi crane soBarrier for help, a Mitsubishi SPVF elevator door not occurred (cannot open or .shut, but door motor with power pass, just can't), control cabinet for door signal, manually close the door after the elevator to go ladder, check the door motor third root line voltage respectively 56, 28, 28, door machine knife .switch voltage-105, door panels and other ladder on changed, plate is good <br> Solution: check the details later, found the door phase. <br> <br> 20. Mitsubishi GPS-II fault for help, I have a .Mitsubishi GPS-II elevator, symptom is: lift running process has stopped, and then auto-leveling, found P1 Panel SWDT led is not lit, and then lift will not be able to run. New automatic transmission, the elevator, elevator after written .procedures have been properly <br> Solution: replace P1 plate after the return to normal. <br> <br> 21. Mitsubishi SPVL resort, an 18-storey station SPVL elevator recently always ordinary burnt high-power transistor, the temperature is good ., driver Board also changed a few, large capacitance is replaced, the elevator runs for several days or in the case <br> Solution: replace the E1 Board after normal. <br> <br> 22. Mitsubishi SP-VF fault for help ., seek help Mitsubishi SP-VF elevator 3 layer 3 station. A failed State. Elevator stopped on the first floor but uneven floors high. Do not display. The safety circuit is switched on, the car immediately issued within the room displays overload 1 / .f, flashing. The elevator is not going away. <br> Workaround: is safety relays. There is a belt wear Portal crane of the back door. Great burn burning smell. <br> <br> 23. a Mitsubishi VVVF lift original .normal, from the beginning of March this year, often running suddenly stopped, and in the event of a failure even layer station display off, the normal cabin lighting, General five-or six-day happens once such failures, failure of the elevator position .is no direction on the law, and no regular running, check for power supply and power supply cable and replaced, in accordance with the debug switch for measuring various voltages are outline meets requirements, safety circuit also normal, the fault has been resolved. < .br> Solution: put P1E1W1 plate output pins are hot again until now has not repeated the fault. <br> <br> <br> 24. the door asking GPS_2 one GPS_2 elevator door machine, switch speed adjusted after running a few times or .lock staircase and then open staircase you door <br> Speed change, how can't fix <br> Workaround: car door lock switch and photoelectric switch action distance respectively 9, 5 <br> <br> 25. a Mitsubishi GPS-2 .passenger elevator, total 32 floors 1 to 5 floor building with no stops in the Middle, there are two access door, lift in the course of normal use, the user reaction sometimes run in 6/f-7 floor, Elevator suddenly stopped, then .the leveling to 1 / f, then all is well, sometimes in 7 floor or floor 8 and above, the nearest flat layer, all in a day, probably about 6 pm, a time, door locks, switches, access door switch, croquet ., door, security loop multi knife checked, P1 and door panels have changed, and the fault still, user comments, note that this site has three parallel ladder, there is a problem on this computer, you should exclude 380V power problems <br> .Solution: the problem has been solved, redo the weighing, these days there is no fault found! <br> <br> 26. <br> Hope of elevator operation time elevator suddenly stopped, the cause of the failure: no display, would .amount to the sedan led is not lit, press the key is not working, room seven-segment digital display EB to sedan transmission errors. I only know through multi-party Snoop is sedan SBC-C chip has the problem, replace the normal later .. <br> <br> Symptom: elevator control cabinet overhaul uplink elevator won't drive / service center <br> Acme Mitsubishi sp-vf <br> Analysis by overhauling the uplink control circuit diagram 2-20 we can see that automatically places .a maintenance and repair of relay 60, DS diode is damaged, or the up button UP press is not in place or is damaged, 89 relay does not work, the main contactor and brake contactors LB shall not electricity, Elevator does not start. < .br> Exclude method checks TB24 have + 125V voltage, 89 safety circuit relay coil ends no voltage on the circuit there are failures. Powered by measurement resistance gear 60 relay normally closed point correctly, the up button is pressed on the two contacts, of suspected .DS diode is damaged. Multimeter resistance measurement diodes open stalls, replace the protection diode DS after 89, the relay, press the up button, Elevator maintenance function to move the uplink. <br> <br> <br> Trouble phenomenon: the elevator .car top shooting upward lift won't drive / service center <br> If auto-repair switch or move up button to contact is not good, will make the elevator did not drive. <br> Exclude method automatically-maintenance switch reset overhaul, .press the up button UP, another one in the engine room watch D89 lit, found D89 always is not lit, the 89 relay circuit faulty. Check car top junction box line normal, automatic-maintenance switch, button switch properly. To the engine room .to check 89 relays not loose, measuring coil normal phenomenon without open circuit. Finally the W1 onboard terminal block to tighten up, plug, and then again press the power to move up to normal. Note 89 relay-W1 Board conductors-contact loose access .to undesirable phenomena. <br> <br> <br> Symptom: lift any State do not open the door, not closed / service center <br> Acme Mitsubishi sp-vf <br> Analysis of elevator in automatic and maintenance of State will .not be able to switch on the switch motor control circuit of the main loop, may have a problem. The Mitsubishi elevator door motor for three-phase AC 110V, if power supply transformer 110V output without damage, door motor nor the action. Switch signal .is W1 W1 plate control, if no output switch signals, of course, do not switch on the door. <br> Exclude method to check the power supply 110V correctly, confirm that the door motor three-winding symmetric, door motor fault-free .. Manual contactor action, contact the primary contact is good. Last doubt there may be a failure of the thermal relay, observation of thermal relay is indeed too, before the action is not reset, PC-W1 got a thermal relay signal, any State .do not close the door. May be the occasional overcurrent, door engine heat relay. The thermal relay reset switch to normal <br> <br> <br> Trouble phenomenon: the elevator in the end station away from floor leveling accuracy difference / Service .Center <br> Acme Mitsubishi sp-vf <br> Cause analysis SP-VF Mitsubishi in upper and lower end station is by the forced change-speed switch control, leveling accuracy good instructions to install the correct gear switch position, the slow speed mode .correctly. But the middle layers of wrap speed reducer point by microcomputer combination rotary encoder simulation elevator. Simulation of the elevator in the elevator when the actual start-up, than one step ahead of the actual lift (for an amount in advance), its .purpose is to detect where the target layer, ie, to have to answer the floor first stop, the lift to the simulation to layer stop, the lift will issue a deceleration signals, press the slow mode speed to the layer, the layer switch signal .PAD, the elevator down leveling. So the end station outside of intermediate layers leveling accuracy determines computer to simulate the elevator to the amount of time in advance and the deceleration rate mode correct or not, which is equivalent to the elevator before leveling of deceleration point .position accuracy. <br> Exclude method like this failure is a microcomputer software debugging problems. Manufacturer software debugging staff to modify debug analog elevator advance amount ahead of time and the deceleration rate mode can be resolved. <br> <br> <br> .Symptom: sedan maintenance uplink elevator not running / Service Center <br> Acme Mitsubishi sp-vf <br> Causes of car repair, auto-repair switch reset "overhaul" the 60 relay disconnection, 89 security circuit relay disconnection, Elevator does not automatically .start, due to the loss of control of the computer, is in manual to move the running state. 89 safety circuit relay implementation by pointing to the electric, LB brake contactors and the main contactor have electricity, move towards the elevator runs. Sedan service .is sedan maintenance uplink button pressed, 89, the relay have to power to move up the elevator. If this point moving upstream circuit car top uplink button, DS diode components, 89 relay any point failure will not be able to achieve the point moving upward .. Uplink direction signal by SSU control, if the direction control circuit failure, that is, press the UP button, SSU point has not been high potentials, nor can achieve up to move the function. <br> Exclude method checks the measurement sedan maintenance .uplink button UP, diode component DS are conduction, 89, the relay is also trouble-free. Direction control circuit-s components on trouble-free. So where is the fault occur? suspected jiaoding overhaul switch is not reset in "automatic" status ., maintenance personnel have just from car top on it. Sedan top check, it really was the car top auto-repair switch also placed in the "maintenance" status. The figure shows, the sedan maintenance circuit not + control power 125V, so it .is not possible to move up. The car top auto-repair switch reset "automatic" position, the sedan maintenance uplink run correctly. Such failures should be taught, done must be restored. For example, when troubleshooting sometimes short circuit, then verify that .there is no fault, however, must not forget to remove the short wiring in a timely manner, this will cause big loss and major accidents. <br> <br> <br> Trouble phenomenon: the elevator there was three-phase power supply .normal phase protection / service center <br> Acme Mitsubishi sp-vf <br> Cause analysis from Figure 2-24-phase protection circuitry to look different from other elevator forms. From transformer TR01 and three-phase AC 100V TR02 ¡ .ú ¡ .ú three-phase rectifier R-ACR → + 125V (79-00). + 125V power value reflects whether the phase-phase power supply, by the electronic circuit board to monitor the E1, when any deficiency phase when + 125V greatly reduced. .E1 electronic board to issue computer logic operations, a lack of trust, the motor may not start to run. Any point in the circuit failure, will produce an error signal deficiency. <br> Exclude method by checking the correct power into line, + .380 also correctly, confirm 125V is + 125V during transmission, the breakpoint will VA-03, UA-03, UB-10 plugs are plug a, feel reboot after docking firmly, Elevator run normal power supply. <br> <br> Symptom .: safety switches are in the normal position, and the safety circuit relay not electric, elevator not starting / Service Center <br> Acme Mitsubishi sp-vf <br> Cause analysis as in Figure 2-19 shows, although well road within the safety .switch is functioning, but the automatic maintenance work or damage to the relay is not, or no power, 60 normally open point, 89 safety circuit relay will not work. <br> Exclude method check and repair a 60 automatic relay does not have electricity ., but is actually a very small faults, because just finished, control cabinet and repair overhaul relay forgot to put the "automatic" in a timely manner, of course, does not have to relay 60, 89, the relay will not work. The .control cabinet overhaul relay "automatic" bit, fault also disappeared, sometimes because the work itself, is not a fault, human-caused by wrong operation breakdown, this phenomenon is that need attention. <br> <br> <br> <br .>.

Weak current College】 【HVAC professional English table (1).

A-
weightedsoundpressurelevel|| A sound level
absolutehumidity|| Absolute humidity
absoluteroughness|| Absolute roughness
Absorbate absorption qualities
Absorbent absorbents
absorbent|| Sound-absorbing materials
absorber|| Absorber
absorptanceforsolarradiation|| Solar radiation absorption coefficient
absorptionequipment|| Absorption plant
absorptionofgasandvapor|| Gas absorption
absorptiongrefrigerationgcycle|| Absorption refrigeration cycle
absorption-typerefrigeratingmachine|| Absorption chillers
accessdoor|| Inspection door
acousticabsorptivity|| The sound absorption coefficient
actualdensity|| True density
actuatingelement|| Implementing agencies
actuator|| Implementing agencies
adaptivecontrolsystem|| Adaptive control system
additionalfactorforexteriordoor|| External doors attach rate
additionalfactorforintermittentheating|| Intermittent attach rate
additionalfactorforwindforce|| Height of additional rate
additionalheatloss|| Wind additional rate
adiabatichumidification|| Additional heat consumption
adiabatichumidiflcation|| Adiabatic humidification
adsorbate|| Adsorbate
adsorbent|| Adsorbent
adsorber|| Adsorption device
adsorptionequipment|| Adsorption device
adsorptionofgasandvapor|| Gas adsorption
aerodynamicnoise|| Aerodynamic noise
aerosol|| Aerosol
airbalance|| Air balance
airchanges|| ACH
airchannel|| Wind road
aircleanliness|| Air cleanliness
aircollector|| Gas tank
airconditioning|| Air conditioning
airconditioningcondition|| Air condition
airconditioningequipment|| Air conditioning equipment
airconditioningmachineroom|| Air conditioning room
airconditioningsystem|| Air conditioning system
airconditioningsystemcoolingload|| Air-conditioning cooling load
aircontaminant|| Air pollutants
air-cooledcondenser|| Air-cooled condensers
aircooler|| Air cooler
aircurtain|| Air curtain
aircushionshockabsorber|| Air spring isolator
airdistribution|| Air distribution
airdistributor|| Air distributor
air-doucheunitwithwateratomization|| Spray fan
airduct|| Air pipe, duct
airfilter|| Air filter
airhandlingequipment|| Air conditioning equipment
airhandlingunitroom|| Air conditioning room
airheader|| Collection tube
airhumidity|| Air humidity
airinlet|| Air outlet
airintake|| The air inlet
airmanifold|| Collection tube
airopening|| Air outlet
airpollutant|| Air pollutants
airpollution|| Atmospheric pollution
airpreheater|| Air preheater
airreturnmethod|| Return air ways
airreturnmode|| Return air ways
airreturnthroughcorridor|| Corridor air return
airspace|| Air between the layers
airsupplymethod|| Air ways
airsupplymode|| Air ways
airsupply(suction)openingwithslideplate|| Baffle delivery (suction) air outlet
airsupplyvolumeperunitarea|| Air supply volume per unit area
airtemperature|| Air temperature
airthroughtunnel|| Typical wind
air-to-airtotalheatexchanger|| Total heat exchanger
air-to-clothratio|| Gas bupivacaine
airvelocityatworkarea|| Job zone air velocity
airvelocityatworkplace|| Air flow velocity
airvent|| Operable
air-watersysten|| Air-water system
airborneparticles|| Atmospheric dust
airhater|| Air heater
airspace|| Air between the layers
alarmsignal|| Alarm signal
ail-airsystem|| Full air system
all-watersystem|| The whole water system
allowedindoorfluctuationoftemperatureandrelativehumidity|| Indoor temperature and humidity fluctuation range allowed
ambientnoise|| Environmental noise
ammonia|| Ammonia
amplificationfactorofcentrolledplant|| Adjust object zoom factor
amplitude|| Amplitude
anergy|| @||
angleofrepose|| Angle of repose
angeofslide|| Slide angle
anglescale|| Heat and moisture than
anglevalve|| Angle valve
annual[value]|| Calendar year values
annualcoldestmonth|| Over the years the poet
annualhottestmonth|| The hottest month of the calendar year
anticorrosive|| Corrosion inhibitor
antifreezeagent|| Antifreeze
antifreezeagent|| Antifreeze
apparatusdewpoint|| Machine dew point
apparentdensity|| Packing density
aqua-ammoniaabsorptiontype-refrigeratingmachine|| Ammonia-water absorption chillers
aspiationpsychrometer|| Ventilation temperature hygrometer
Assmannaspirationpsychrometer|| Ventilation temperature hygrometer
atmosphericcondenser|| Leaching shock condenser
atmosphericdiffusion|| Atmospheric diffusion
atmosphericdust|| Atmospheric dust
atmosphericpollution|| Atmospheric pollution
atmosphericpressure|| Atmospheric pressure (
atmosphericstability|| Atmospheric stability
atmospherictransparency|| Atmospheric transparency
atmosphericturblence|| Atmospheric Turbulence
automaticcontrol|| Automatic control
automaticrollfilter|| Automatic winding type filter
automaticvent|| Automatic operable
availablepressure|| -Pressure
averagedailysol-airtemperature|| Integrated temperature average
axialfan|| Axial-flow fan
azeotropicmixturerefrigerant|| Azeotropic refrigerant solution

Weak current College】 【HVAC construction technology measures.

<br> <br> 1. organizes the concerned personnel familiar with drawings, field construction personnel security technology gives the low-down. <br> 2. in the field and the construction drawing control, draw sketches. According to the project progress organizational .materials purchased in batches, processing order according to the first post, on the first big after small principle. <br> 3. check the wind tube made of galvanized steel and angle steel and materials of quality, no factory certification or quality of the identification .of the file are not allowed to use. And galvanized surfaces must be smooth, uniform thickness, no obvious pressure wound phenomenon, and there shall be no cracks, scarred, Gill edge, rust, Watermarking and other defects, have galvanized coating crystalline patterns; .angle to wait type evenly, no crack distortion and other defects affecting quality. <br> 4. processes <br> 5, in the form of a single bite bite bite or corner, as shown in the figure on the right: <br> .Pittsburgh width table <br> Plate thickness flat bite width B Kok bite width B <br> 0.7 following 6-86-7 <br> 0.7 - 1.08-107-8 <br> 6. making the wind pipe and fittings in steel sheet .thickness requirements of the table below: <br> Long edge size or diameter (mm) circular duct rectangular duct in low voltage <br> 80 ~ 3200.50.5 <br> 340 ~ 4500.60.6 <br> 480 ~ 6300.8 <br> .670 ~ 10000.8 <br> 7, the wind pipe and pipe fitting surfaces must be smooth, longitudinal received every bite should be staggered, except the width should be tight and evenly, no holes-bite and splitting and other defects. <br> 8 ., flanges manufacture, with the specifications to the adoption of uniform mould in order to maintain the flange sizes consistent and surface is smooth, flange bolt hole you want to drill in pairs, the spacing is not greater than 150 mm. Flange and adjusting valve components .such as join, to guarantee its dimensions and part flange dimensions. <br> 9, flange diameter than the wind to the outer diameter slightly larger than 2-3 mm, bored when making holes in steel angle (minus thickness) or flat in the .Centre of the principles that are arranged in any Rotary flange, four of the screw can be aligned. For rectangle flange, two bolt holes on the edges are aligned. Angle steel flange of the facade and the plane should ensure mutual to 90 degrees. < .br> 10, duct and angle steel flanges, pipe wall thickness is less than or equal to 1.5 mm, flange riveting, riveting part should be in the flange outside. <br> 11, the wind pipe and flange connections, such as flange, .flange dimensions should be 6-9 mm. Flanging should be flat, without holes. <br> 12, elbows, and tees to grind as a point of error, flanging and crossed by flanges, etc. <br> 13. to ensure project .quality, wind pipe production after taking reinforcement box strengthening measures to ensure that the flatness of the wind pipe and duct of stiffness, rectangular duct length is greater than or equal to 630 mm and insulation pipe length is greater than or equal to 800 mm in the .length of the pipe 1.2 m, take the reinforcement of the box, reinforcement box angle and wind pipe flanges and the same specifications. <br> 14, the wind pipe and pipe fittings produced by actual size, press the system part numbers to prevent transportation .and installation error occurred. In addition to stay section tube end flange is not fixed, to be field-installed by actual size adjustment on site. <br> (2) air duct installation <br> 1, site materials, semi-finished products .by part of the order and the different systems, the horizontal transport trolley with home-made double, vertical, transport, the transport with elevator in a finished product protection. <br> 2. check the field location of the reserve hole, size to .fit drawing requirements not, are there left out, reserve hole than wind pipe sections each size large 100 mm. <br> 3. will the wind pipe and components according to the number group on the review and then you can connect and install. < .br> Connection length depending on the wind tube wall thickness, flanges and duct connection methods, installation structure parts, lifting and other factors, but try to connect on the ground, usually add to 10-12 metres in length, but not the detachable interface ., mounted on the floor or wall. <br> 4. processes <br> <br> 5, duct installation hanger available expansion bolts fixed to the floor or beam, but the location you want to correct, solid and reliable, the lower portion .of the bolt hangers of elastic stroke due allowance for the wind pipe elevation, level of adjustment. <br> 6, cradles of spacing as 3 m, boom diameter is 10 mm round bars, angle iron beams, beams used in thermal insulation of external ., hanger and wind pipes, gasket pressure treated by 50 mm thick wooden side, the same long and beams, and hanging beam with wood screw connections. <br> 7, duct insulation with gridlines foil veneer glass wool felt (surface adopts the moisture tension .veneer), lap Office using tape seal. Thermal insulation pipe parts before to check eligibility, insulation layer surface must be flat and dense, crack, insulation nail quantity: / m2 side, only 20 to 10 only/m2 above. <br> 8 ., flange gasket material with 3-5 mm thick rubber sheet obturator LaTeX, every hoisting length control in 12 meters, the unit on and insulation in the erection of scaffolding, lifting operations at Delta hop on the escalator. <br> 9, valves, .and other parts to and duct at the group together, lifting, control valve installed in the operating position, the fire damper is system security appliance, there are horizontal, vertical, left and right-difference, the installation may not wrong, in order to .prevent loss, when installing the yirongpian caution, when installed in a vertical air duct of fire dampers, one must close yirongpian tilted 5 degrees. <br> 10, duct installation level degree allowable deviation 3 / 1000, total deviation is not greater than 20 .mm. Perpendicularity tolerance 2 / 1000. The total deviation is not greater than 20 mm, laid along the wall, for ease of operation is the distance from the wall of the tube wall is greater than 150mm. <br> 11, various outlet installation .and decoration closely, and ceiling synchronization, while achieving horizontal even vertical, the surface is smooth, and ceiling parallel, pull the air outlet: what do you think are in line. <br> (3) fan-coil and chilled water piping installation .<br> 1, according to design drawings called for, the return pipe DN ¡ .ü 50mm used galvanized pipe threaded connection, DN> 50mm uses seamless steel tubes, welded connections; use feedwater condensate pipe, connected to the rubber plastic pipeAdd-in. <br> 2, valve requirements: ≤ DN50 with all-copper gate valve, .threaded connections; DN50 "diameter with wafer butterfly valve, flange connection manually. <br> 3, the pipeline from the walls and beams, columns, near to a fixed support, remaining as a hanger, pipeline and supported, set the corresponding specifications between .the cradles of shingles and trustee, hanger crossarm 10A channel. <br> 4 ¡¢ materials required: <br> (1) tubing: the quality must be factory certification or identification documents, and shall not be bent, rust, fly, heavy .leather and uneven phenomenon. <br> (2) pipe fittings: must have factory certification, unbiased buckle, square buckles, buckles, broken wires and angle are not accurate. <br> (3) valve: must have factory certification, casting rules ., no burrs, no crack, switch flexibly structured, threads without injury, angle and angle of correct and strength to meet the requirements, hand wheel without injury. Installation should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions, tightness test of strength. < .br> (4) other materials: steel, steel, tube clamp and bolt, mother, oil, linen, electricity, gas welding rod, etc. Selection should be consistent with the design and construction specifications. <br> 5. operation technology < .br> A: process <br> B: installation preparation <br> (1), check carefully and be familiar with drawings, control engineering to stay trough hole and install to embedded parts. Find out about the technology and construction specifications, and strictly .implemented. <br> (2) according to design drawings to draw lines of location, size, and reserved port, coordinates, etc. <br> C: dry pipe installation <br> (1) according to sketch, construction of pipe manufacturing .prefabricated, check good size, press the loop block number stack neatly. <br> (2) install card holder, in accordance with the design requirements or require space installation, depending on the slope, in order to install. <br> (3 .) dry pipe installation from entering or branch road point, charging pipe before checking the lumen and clean, put the steel casing. <br> (4) tap valve from the tap point should not be too far away. Such as tap at the lowest .point, the system must tap valve with drain wire plug, high point vent installation. <br> (5) selected the pipe straightening, cleaned up lumen, welded pipe should be guaranteed after positive values. <br> (6) pipeline is installed ., check the coordinates, elevation, reserve population location and pipe-become the and so on are correct, and then find a straight, level tape, adjust the gradient proofing review, adjust the elevator bolts with type of card. Make its elasticity moderate, .flat, last welding firm fixed card at the stop plate. <br> (7) it is necessary to put or installed pipeline wear structure of casing, fill plug tube cave. <br> D: branch pipe installation <br> (1) .check the fan coil installation location and risers to leave holes is accurate. <br> (2) with a ruler, level tape, wire pendant proofing branch pipe slope peace leading wall dimensions and reviewing legislation and there is no fan coil. <br> .(3) the exposed threaded 2-3 buckle tube variable via the application variable administered hoop or welding. <br> E: fan-coil Setup <br> (1) the air blower plate tube should have factory certification specification or quality identification file .. <br> (2) the structure of the fan coil forms, installation forms, export orientation and feed location should meet the design requirements for installation. <br> (3) install location dimensions meet design requirements, the air conditioning system dry pipe .installed, to the fan coil pipe to keep spout location elevation to meet the requirements. <br> (4) process <br> A. air blower plate tube in the pre-installation check each motor shell and surface exchangers have no damage, corrosion ., and other defects. <br> B. air blower plate Tube, each test should be conducted power, mechanical part inspection, electrical part of leakage. <br> C. air blower plate tube should be individual hydraulic test, the test of strength .should be 1.5 times the working pressure, pressure after observation of 2-3 minutes are not permeable not leak. <br> D. horizontal lifting air blower plate Tube hanger flat solid, installed in the correct position, the boom should not swing freely, .suspenders and tray attached to the application as double-nut fastening leveling. <br> Cold and hot water pipes and media e. fan coil units, take over should be straight, condensate pipe used soft connection length no greater than 150 mm. Material use .transparent tube and hose clamps securing against leakage, the slope should correct, condensate should smooth stream to the specified location. The water plate should no ponding phenomenon. <br> F. fan coil pipe with hot and cold media connection should be in the pipeline .system flushing sewage and then connect to prevent clogging heat exchanger. <br> G. concealed in the ceiling fan-coil on the ceiling there active inspection door, easy to disassemble and repair unit as a whole. <br> (4) air conditioning .system debugging <br> 1, debug, the use of the instrument, the instrument should have the factory certification and accreditation, metrology law strictly, no more than printed or accredited appraisal cycle as well as the identification of measurement instrumentation shall be used. < .br> 2. the construction unit, overseeing company, construction company, suppliers (the device manufacturer) send debug Panel, comprising to debug unified management, according to the design of air conditioning parameters for debugging. <br> 3, there should be running .debugging scenarios. Before debugging a single test run the fan, equipment availability meet design requirements, the various parts in an open State location of the debugging process. <br> 4. debugging process program: <br> <br> 5. be familiar .with all the air conditioning system design information, including drawings and design specification, fully understanding the design intent and system in its entirety and device performance using method, also note mediation devices and instrumentation is located. <br> 6, in the process of debugging .is completed, the determination of system linkage operation integrated indicators meets the design and production process requirements. <br> Last for a long time the test run, constant accuracy is ± 0.1-0.2, in 24-36 hours. <br> Let all .the links of air-conditioning automatic control, etc., all input to assess the combined effect of the system. <br> 7, however, have prepared data sorting. debug report <br> 8. air conditioning system problems arising after the debugging .and solutions, see the following table: <br> Serial number problems cause analysis solutions <br> 1 the actual air flow too large system resistanceForce is small adjustable fan plate or valve, increase resistance <br> There is a problem with the fan speed .to reduce or replace the fan blower <br> 2 actual air flow too small system resistance put most of the large side segment size, improved some part, check the duct or device has no plug <br> There is a problem with the fan drive .belt tightening, improve fan or fan speed <br> Air leakage shutoff Yan flange joints, manholes, check valve or other existing leak <br> 3 the excessive speed of air flow too big air, air distribution is not reasonable to big air area, .reducing Tuyere air, change the type or with bezel, make the appropriate airflow <br> 4 noise exceeding the prescribed air blower, pump noise, air duct, the wind speed bias caused by partial part, muffler quality is not good to fan balancing, .fan and pump small earthquake; instead, the zoom speed fan speed oversize duct dimensions; improved local parts then duct to attach the noise elimination materials <br> <br> (5) hot and cold water pressure test media <br> Frozen water pipes .after installation, hydrostatic test should be carried out. <br> Pipe hydrostatic test steps: <br> 1, closed system, set aside the spout plug, branch pipe valve open. <br> 2. the system of irrigation. <br> .3, compression, the test pressure is the pressure to test 0.6Mpa after voltage 10 minutes, the pressure is not greater than 0.02Mpa is qualified. <br> 4. turn on the water, the pressure after the flushing. <br> ( .6) corrosion insulation <br> 1. all iron installation should remove surface rust layer (galvanized steel), the second road after brush antirust paint, exposed parts of the brush milk yellow Matt second road. <br> 2, chilled water and condensate .pipe insulation are blessed, rubber and plastic foam insulation thickness see design notes. <br> 3, duct insulation with gridlines foil veneer glass wool felt (surface adopts the moisture tension veneer), lap Office using tape seal. <br> 4, the .type of pipeline corrosion-resistant materials, the program should meet the design requirements. <br> 5 pipes insulation materials, fireproofing material conforms to the design and specifications. <br> 6, valves, flange and a few other removable parts for thermal insulation ., both sides must leave a void, then the same insulation filling. <br> 7. protective layer to help tie firm, tight, pressure seam evenly, beautiful. <br> Second, water supply and drainage construction technology measures <br> ( .A) of the drainage pipe installation <br> 1. all entry materials, equipment and products, should be consistent with national or MoE, the existing standards of technical quality sign the file or product certification. <br> 2. construction and various types .of work closely, while doing a quality inspection and assessment and construction records, ensure the quality of the project. <br> 3, pipeline installation, you must clear the inside dirt and debris, the installation is interrupted or completed stay the mouth should be .temporary closed. <br> 4. install piping support, cradles, the location should be correct, strict with conduit, fixed firmly. <br> 5, valve should be installed before the pressure strength test, the test should be in each batch ( .the same brand, same size, same model) 10 per cent of the number of sampling, and no less than one, if there is leakage, the crack is not qualified to sampling of 20 per cent, as there are no qualified you test one .by one. Installed in the trunk pipe on the closed valve shut-off function, one by one for strength and tightness test, the test pressure is the pressure of the valve factory provides. <br> 6. life in the cold and hot water .pipelines pipes, branch pipes adopt aluminum-plastic composite pipe, the rest are made of galvanized steel, threaded connection. <br> 7, drainage pipe: UPVC pipe drainage pipes, bonding interface. <br> 8, drainage pipes in each process is .completed, the reservation must be closed to prevent the spout sundries. <br> 9, drainage pipe installation has been completed, must be carried out according to the specifications for water testing. <br> 10, drainage pipe slope: DN50, I = .0.035; DN75, I = 0.025; DN100, I = 0.020. <br> 11, drainage pipe each layer set expansion joint, horizontal pipe every 2m set expansion joints 1. <br> (2) sanitary installation <br> 1, sanitary .sewer pipe diameter and minimum grade must be meet design requirements and specification requirements. <br> 2. sanitary water fittings tightly to intact, interface, flexible operation. <br> 3, sanitary installation to a smooth, accurate elevation plan position. <br .> 4. toilet must be pad mixed gray, surrounded by sand, cement mortar is strictly prohibited. <br> 5. sanitary and drainage pipe socket connector must not leak-tight. <br> 6, sanitary ware, to good corrosion protection bracket .laid flat and firm. <br> 7, sanitary ware after installation, you must do the water test, the time cannot be less than 24 hours, no leakage is qualified. <br> (3) branch, cradles of Ann <br> .1. pipe hangers with expansion bolts. <br> 2, hangers to reasonable structure, spacing within specification and design requirements. <br> 3. pipe hangers antiseptic to good, hangers installed before a preservative. <br> 4, hangers and close .contact with the pipe. <br> (4) corrosion resistance, insulation <br> 1. pipe branch, cradles in the surface cleaning of qualified before painting. <br> 2. domestic hot water and water-supply pipes shall be insulated, .insulation with polyethylene foam shell, flame retardant plastic wrap. <br> (5) the pipe flush and pressure testing <br> 1. water supply pipeline are required before the delivery, and then rinse. <br> 2, pipeline installation is finished ., do water pressure test. Test pressure, should be in the pipeline system working pressure 1.5 times, but no less than the pressure rises 0.6mpa provides pressure, pressure regulator for 10 minutes, shall not exceed 0.02mpa. <br> 3. drainage .pipe installation has been completed, should be closed water test will block the drainage outlet, filled with cold water, then filled with renewed for 5 minutes, the surface does not decline, not permeable not leak is qualified. <br> <br> < .br> <br>.

【 Weak current College 】 plumbing and ventilation engineering quality (2)

II. indoor drainage pipe plug

1. construction preparation:

(1) cast iron drainage pipe and pipe fittings, galvanized carbon steel pipe and pipe fittings, specifications should meet the design requirements. The quality of products meet the requirements. Cement has a factory certificate or proof of the retrial. Tsing Ma, MA tidy, is not allowed to have corrupt phenomenon.

(2) interior drainage pipe installation conditions.

Operating conditions:

1) underground drainage pipe laying of the foundation wall must be at or near ± 0 elevation, room heart at the end of the pipe soil backfill or slightly higher level, room location along the pipeline within the heart without accumulation, and pipeline across the building Foundation, has been reserved by design requirements well pipe hole.

2) devices layer drainage pipe laying, should the device layer after dismantling cleanup in the template.

3) floor in drainage piping installation should be separated with the construction of a second layer, and «pipeline crossing structure parts of holes have reserved finished, indoor template or sundries, indoor pop up room dimension lines and accurate horizontal lines. Installation preparation according to design drawings and technology gives the low-down, inspection, checking the reserved hole size dimensions are correct, the pipeline location coordinates, elevation drawing lines position.

2. operation process:

(1) effluent dry pipe installation

1) digging trench or room of subsoil backfill to pipe laying pipe at the bottom level, should be prefabricated pipe segments in Shing better outlet direction towards the water, the water outlet on the Interior. Dig a good twist grey cast with work pit
The prefabricated good segment edged into the trench, closed up strict total outlet, do a temporary support, according to the coordinates of the construction drawings to find a good location, elevation and slope, and reserved the direction of the spout and the center line, connected to the pipe spigot.

2) pipe trench mouth twist ash, the pipe straightening, alignment, use hemp brazing or thin twist drill will even find the spigot of gap, hemp play real, straightening, correction, pipe on both sides with soil, prevent twisting grey cast pipeline.

3) water-cement ratio of 1: 9 of cement mixed with good twist limestone, mounted on ash tray in the lower part, one spigot in the pipeline, cross-filled gray, hand twisted chisel ramming, first fill in the lower part, a bottom-up, side-fill edge ramming, filled with

Hand hammering it, then fill in again, the gray filled break even.

4) twist good gray, wet ropes wrapped moist curing or backfill fine soil cover for conservation.

5) pipe laying twist good gray, then the risers and the first layer of sanitary drainage reserved spout, indoor horizon, coordinates, position and size of the axis to find good, next to the required height, will allow the spout with temporary wire plug.

6) in accordance with the drawings on the laying of pipeline coordinates, elevation and reserved a pipe orifice size for post, after confirming the accuracy of the spout from the reserve Office closed water irrigation done, test after passing the test, and fill out the covert works acceptance records, for subtle works acceptance procedures.

7) pipeline system after acceptance by the subtle, temporary plugging all reserved spout, burying fill plug hole, hole, according to the provisions of the backfill.

(2) install sewage standpipe

1) under the construction drawing proofing reserved tube tunnel size error-free, in the case of precast concrete floor requires chiseling floor holes, cracks should be painted according to the location marked, at the tag tick chisel. If you need to be broken rib, with the construction team, the consent of the persons concerned by the request.

2) standpipe inspection openingsset as designed. If drainage pipes located in the ceiling, should be on every layer of the stack is standpipe inspection openings, for closed water test.

3) installation riser should two up and down, a person in the upper floor, the pipe hole into rope, following one of the pre-made good riser upper part tied to pull the risers beneath the lower Jack into the lower tube socket.

4) riser insert socket, the lower deck of the left and standpipe inspection openings direction alignment, upper with wooden wedges will pipe in the floor hole place temporary card fastness, hemp, hanging straight, twist. Review the standpipe verticality, standpipe temporary fixed firmly.

5) riser after installation is complete, the burying of not less than the concrete floor slab marking will cave filled with blocking it, and remove temporary support. In the case of tall buildings or pipeline well, should follow the design requirements for steel making retention bracket.

6) tall buildings considering pipeline expansion and contraction compensation, can adopt flexible pipe flange, spigot Department to stay out of expansion and contraction compensation allowance.

7) high-rise building using assisted ventilation pipes, can be assisted ventilation shaped pipe connection.

(3) installation of sewage pipes

1) sewage pipes installed, you must meet the standards required by the construction specifications, in conditions not slope allows also to ensure that the branch pipe installation of minimum slope.

2) branches located in the ceiling, the Terminal has sweeping mouth, should be received to the South side of the pipe, easy to clean cut.

3) pipes after installation, the sanitary ware or equipment reserved pipe installation in place, find out the size of the floor hole yan, set aside the spout with temporary wire plug.

3. preventive measures:

(1) promptly blocked sealing ducts of the mouth, to prevent debris thrown out into the pipe wall.

(2) sanitary ware installation check original throw estuary, and took out debris inside the tube.

(3) pipeline installation pipe bore, carefully dredge to remove debris.

(4) keeping the pipeline installation slope there shall be no uniform, down-slope.

(5) drainage pipe standard gradient should conform to the specification. No design requirements, pipe slope should be not less than 1%.

(6) the reasonable use of the parts. Buried pipeline should use TY and y-tee, inappropriate use of t-shaped tee; horizontal cross tube to avoid using four-way; drainage pipe wall and plane sweeping mouth needed two 45 ° elbow connection to stream open.

(7) standpipe inspection openings and plane sweeping mouth installation location should be convenient for maintenance operations.

(8) during the construction, health apparatus of return water bent wire plug best slow-loading, to reduce dirt into the pipeline.

Weak current College】 【special equipment safety technical answer to simulated test and reference.

<br> 1. the special equipment referred to by the State, because the device itself and the influence of external factors to the accident, and in the event of accidents causing bodily injuries and economic losses are risk larger equipment. There are special equipment for .elevators, boilers, pressure vessels, ______, etc. <br> A. Planer BC lifting machinery excavator D. gear machine <br> 2. under the State Council, 2003 the special equipment safety supervision Ordinance, the category of special equipment including boilers ., pressure vessels (including gas cylinders, the same below), and pressure piping, elevators, cranes, passenger ropeway, ______, etc. <br> ABC gear shaping machines excavators D. large amusement facilities <br> 3. the special equipment safety .supervision Ordinance covers areas including _____ types of special equipment. <br> A. seven class B. eight class C. 5 D. six class <br> 4. boiler is _____.< br> A. production of steam heating water BC production .of steam or heated water vapor and D. production of heating water <br> 5. specification of the boiler boiler heating ______ ______ or provided. <br> A. water, steam and water vapor, BC thermal, water <br> 6. .the specifications for the steam boiler boiler and steam parameters of ______, hot water boiler of specifications to use hot water boiler of ______ and parameter represents. <br> A. heating, evaporation and B. evaporation, quantity of heat <br> C. .capacity, quantity of heat evaporation, capacity, D. <br> 7. pressure vessel during normal processing time is at the top of the pressure vessel ______.< br> A. the maximum operating pressure of BC design pressure working pressure <br> .8. pressure vessels in the normal process of operation that may occur when the maximum pressure is ______.< br> A. the maximum operating pressure of BC design pressure working pressure <br> 9. steam boiler in the water pressure and load range long .-term continuous run time, you should ensure that export vapor pressure is called ______.< br> A. design pressure working pressure of the BC rated steam pressure D. maximum pressure <br> 10. working pressure is the pressure vessel belongs to 5MPa .______.< br> A. high pressure vessel B. MV and LV container container CD low pressure container <br> 11. pressure is the pressure vessel is 50MPa ______.< br> AB low pressure vessel pressure vessel in CD ultrahigh-pressure vessel .high pressure vessels <br> 12. the following boiler and pressure vessel defects in the most dangerous is ______.< br> A. the even corrosion crack DCB deformation internal deposition fouling <br> 13. our country into the boiler and pressure vessel safety .monitor range minimum pressure is ______.< br> A.0.1MPa B.0.2MPa C.0. <br> 14. steam boiler safety technical supervision regulations applicable to ______ of stationary steam boiler. <br> AB water as the medium to .the water or oil to oil for media CD various media for media <br> 15.B grade boiler manufacturing license is valid for ______ years. <br> A.10 B.5 C.3 D.2 <br> 16. welded .boiler pressure vessel welder examination certificate shall be valid for a period of ______ years. <br> A.10 B.5 C.3 D.1 <br> 17. pressure after force evenly shape is ______.< br> AC spherical B .. cylindrical, rectangular square D. <br> 18. the cylinder subjected to internal pressure, its week response force is axis responsiveness of ______.< br> A.0.5 times B.1.5 times C.2.0 times D.3.0 times <br .> 19. cylindrical containers oval hole, its long axis should be placed in a cylinder of ______.< br> A. circumferential direction BC horizontal axis direction D. arbitrary direction <br> 20. and the cylinder is connected to the standard elliptical heads ., its long axis and the short axis of the ratio of ______.< br> A.1.5 B.2.0 C.2.5 D.3.0 <br> Reference answer <br> <br> 1.C2.D3.A4.C5. .B6.B7.B8.A9.C10.B <br> <br> 11.C12.C13.A14.A15.B16.C17.A18.C19.C20.B <br> <br> <br> <br>.